摘要
本试验旨在研究低蛋白质饲粮添加载锌蒙脱石(Zn-MMT)对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官发育和肠道组织形态的影响。随机选择1日龄健康科宝公雏288只,按体重一致原则随机分成6个组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鸡。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型低蛋白质基础饲粮,正对照组[硫酸锌(ZnSO 4)组]饲喂低蛋白质基础饲粮+40 mg/kg ZnSO 4,4个试验组分别在低蛋白质基础饲粮中添加20、40、60和80 mg/kg Zn-MMT(均以锌含量计算)。试验鸡自由采食和饮水,试验期为42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组和ZnSO 4组相比,低蛋白质饲粮添加60和80 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著降低肉鸡1~21日龄平均日增重(ADG,P<0.05),添加80 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著提高肉鸡1~21日龄料重比(F/G,P<0.05);添加Zn-MMT对肉鸡22~42日龄和1~42日龄ADG、平均日采食量和F/G以及1~21日龄ADG无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,低蛋白质饲粮添加Zn-MMT对肉鸡21和42日龄免疫器官指数无显著影响(P>0.05);但与ZnSO 4组相比,低蛋白质饲粮添加Zn-MMT显著提高肉鸡21日龄胸腺指数和法氏囊指数(P<0.05),且添加80 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著提高肉鸡42日龄胸腺指数(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,低蛋白质饲粮添加20和60 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著提高肉鸡42日龄腿比率(P<0.05);与ZnSO 4组相比,低蛋白质饲粮添加Zn-MMT对肉鸡屠宰性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。4)与对照组相比,低蛋白质饲粮添加40和60 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著降低肉鸡十二指肠隐窝深度(CD,P<0.05),且添加60 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著降低肉鸡空肠CD(P<0.05);添加20 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著降低肉鸡回肠CD(P<0.05),并显著提高肉鸡回肠绒毛高度(VH)/CD(V/C)值(P<0.05);同时,添加80 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著降低肉鸡空肠V/C值(P<0.05)。与ZnSO 4组相比,低蛋白质饲粮添加20 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著提高肉鸡回肠V/C值(P<0.05),并显著降低回肠CD(P<0.05);添加40 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著提高肉鸡空肠VH(P<0.05),并显著降低肉鸡十二指肠CD(P<0.05);添加20和60 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著降低肉鸡空肠CD(P<0.05);添加20、40和60 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著提高肉鸡空肠V/C值(P<0.05)。综上所述,在低蛋白质饲粮中添加Zn-MMT对肉鸡后期生长性能无显著影响,但与添加ZnSO 4相比,可显著提高肉鸡免疫器官指数,提高小肠VH和V/C值,降低小肠CD,促进肉鸡肠道发育。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of low protein diet supplemented with zincmontmorillonite(Zn-MMT)on growth performance,immune organ development and intestinal tissue morphology of broilers.A total of two hundred and eighty-eight 1-day-old male Cobb broilers with similar body weight were randomly assigned into 6 groups with 6 replicates per group and 8 broilers per replicate.The broilers in the control group were fed a corn-soybean meal type low protein basal diet,those in the positive control group[zinc sulfate(ZnSO4)group]were fed the basal diet supplemented with 40 mg/kg ZnSO4,and those in the four experimental groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 20,40,60 and 80 Zn-MMT(in terms of zinc content),respectively.The chickens were free to feed and drink,and the experiment lasted for42 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group and ZnSO4 group,low protein diets supplemented with 60 and 80 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly reduced the average daily gain(ADG)of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age(P<0.05),and dietary 80 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly increased the feed to gain ratio(F/G)of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age(P < 0.05).Dietary Zn-MMT had no significant effects on the ADG,average daily feed intake and F/G of broilers from 22 to 42 and 1 to 42 days of age as well as the ADG of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age(P>0.05).2)Compared with the control group,low protein diets supplemented with Zn-MMT had no significant effects on immune organ index of broilers at 21 and 42 days of age(P>0.05).While compared with the ZnSO4 group,low protein diets supplemented with Zn-MMT significantly increased the thymus index and bursa of Fabricius index of broilers at 21 days of age(P<0.05),and dietary 80 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly increased the thymus index of broilers at 42 days of age(P<0.05).3)Compared with the control group,low protein diets supplemented with 20 and 60 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly increased the leg percentage of broilers at 42 days of age(P<0.05),however,compared with the ZnSO4 group,low protein diets supplemented with Zn-MMT had no significant effects on slaughter performance of broilers at 42 days of age(P>0.05).4)Compared with the control group,low protein diets supplemented with 40 and 60 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly reduced the crypt depth(CD)in duodenum of broilers(P<0.05),and dietary 60 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly reduced the CD in jejunum of broilers(P<0.05);dietary 20 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly reduced the CD in ileum of broilers and significantly increased the ratio of villus height(VH)to CD(V/C)in ileum of broilers(P<0.05);meanwhile,dietary80 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly reduced the V/C in jejunum of broilers(P<0.05).Compared with the ZnSO4 group,low protein diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly increased the V/C in ileum of broilers and significantly decreased the CD in ileum of broilers(P<0.05);dietary 40 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly increased the VH in jejunum of broilers and significantly reduced the CD in duodenum of broilers(P<0.05);dietary 20 and 60 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly reduced the CD in jejunum of broilers(P<0.05);at the same time,dietary 20,40 and 60 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly increased the V/C in jejunum of broilers(P<0.05).To sum up,low protein diets supplemented with Zn-MMT have no significant effect on the growth performance of broilers in later growth stage,but compared to the ZnSO4 supplementation,dietary Zn-MMT can significantly increase the small intestinal VH and V/C,decrease the small intestinal CD,and promote the intestine development of broilers.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2021,33(2):792-801]
作者
秦士贞
王海波
李金录
马晓东
裴文刚
杨敏敏
武真邑
车育彦
龚莉媛
史兆国
QIN Shizhen;WANG Haibo;LI Jinlu;MA Xiaodong;PAI Wengang;YANG Minmin;WU Zhenyi;CHE Yuyan;GONG Liyuan;SHI Zhaoguo(College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第2期792-801,共10页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(03119023)
甘肃农业大学人才专项经费(2017RCZX-18)
甘肃省青年科技基金计划项目(20JR5RA013)
甘肃省现代农业产业技术体系猪鸡产业岗位(GARS-ZJ-2)。
关键词
载锌蒙脱石
低蛋白质
肉鸡
生长性能
肠道发育
免疫
znic-montmorillonite
low protein
broilers
growth performance
intestine development
immune
