摘要
以京农科728等18个黄淮海区主推夏播玉米品种为研究材料,设置6月10日(S1)、6月20日(S2)和6月30日(S3)共3个播期处理,研究夏播玉米品种在不同播期条件下的籽粒灌浆特性,以期为玉米品种选择及高产栽培提供参考和指导。结果表明:(1)成熟期百粒重在不同播期及品种间存在极显著差异,不同播期间表现为S1(35.20 g)>S2(33.45 g)>S3(31.38 g);不同品种间变幅为28.50 g(华美1号)~36.37 g(京农科728)。(2)籽粒平均灌浆速率(Gave)在不同播期条件下表现为S1(0.74 g 100-grain^–1 d^–1)>S2(0.65 g 100-grain^–1 d^–1)>S3(0.57 g 100-grain^–1 d^–1),S1平均灌浆速率分别比S2、S3高0.09和0.17 g 100-grain^–1 d^–1,增幅分别为13.85%和29.82%;18个品种平均灌浆速率以京农科728(0.75 g 100-grain^–1 d^–1)最高,显著高于郑单958和先玉335(0.58 g 100-grain^–1 d^–1和0.67 g 100-grain^–1 d^–1),增幅为29.31%和11.94%。(3)不同播期间参试品种产量表现为S1(10,628.67 kg hm^–2)>S2(10,207.65 kg hm^–2)>S3(9144.59 kg hm^–2),S1分别较S2、S3高4.12%、16.23%;S1与S2下产量相差不大。不同品种间,NK815、MC121、京农科729、MC812、京农科728和先玉335产量相对较高,平均为10,730.56 kg hm^–2,显著高于郑单958(10,080.85 kg hm^–2),增幅为6.44%。(4)相关分析表明,产量与平均灌浆速率(0.70^**)、粒重(0.68^**)呈极显著正相关;与活跃灌浆期(-0.36^**)呈极显著负相关,而粒重与平均灌浆速率(0.58^**)呈极显著正相关。因此,黄淮海区夏播玉米抢时早播有利于获得更高产量,玉米品种可选择种植中熟或中早熟、灌浆速率高、活跃灌浆期适中、产量水平较高的京农科728、京农科729、MC812、MC121、NK815和先玉335等。在播种较晚或积温不足地区,可选择种植中早熟、灌浆速度快的高产型品种京农科728,6月30日播种、10月16日达生理成熟,可实现玉米高产。
In order to provide helpful information for maize variety selection and realizing high yield, the grain filling characteristics of 18 summer maize varieties were investigated under 6/10(S1), 6/20(S2), and 6/30(S3). The results showed that:(1) There were significant differences in the final 100-grain dry weight among varieties and sowing date treatments, characterized by S1(35.20 g) > S2(33.45 g) > S3(31.38 g), and the range of variation was 28.50 g(HM 1) to 36.37 g(JNK 728).(2) The average filling rate(Gave) under different sowing date treatments was S1(0.74 g 100-grain–1 d–1) > S2(0.65 g 100-grain–1 d–1) > S3(0.57 g 100-grain–1 d–1). The average grain filling rate of S1 was 0.09 g 100-grain–1 d–1 and 0.17 g 100-grain–1 d–1 higher than that of S2 and S3, increased by 13.85% and 29.82%, respectively. The Gave of JNK 728(0.75 g 100-grain–1 d–1) was the highest among varieties, which significantly higher than ZD 958 and XY 335(0.58 g 100-grain–1 d–1 and 0.67 g 100-grain–1 d–1), increased by 29.31% and 11.94%. The active grain filling period(P) showed that S1(47.85 d) < S2(51.39 d) < S3(55.04 d).(3) The yield under different sowing date treatments was S1(10,628.67 kg hm–2) > S2(10,207.65 kg hm–2) > S3(9144.59 kg hm–2), with S1 4.12% and 16.23% higher than S2 and S3, respectively. Among them, NK 815, MC 121, JNK 729, MC 812, JNK 728 and XY 335 had relatively high yields, with an average of 10,730.56 kg hm–2, significantly higher than ZD 958(10,080.85 kg hm–2), increased by 6.44%.(4) Correlation analysis showed that yield level was significantly and positively correlated with Gave(0.70**) and grain weight(0.68**), and was significantly and negatively correlated with P(?0.36**);Grain weight was significantly correlated with Gave(0.58**). In conclusion, maize yield, grain weight and grain filling rate reduced with the sowing date delay, but P increased accordingly, early sowing properly was beneficial to achieve higher yield in Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize region, by selecting varieties such as JNK 728, JNK 729, MC 812, MC 121, NK 815, and XY 335 which characterized by suitable growing period, higher grain filling rate, suitable active grain filling period and higher yield level. JNK 728, characterized by medium-early maturity, higher grain filling rate and yield, was suitable for the later sowing conditions or areas with insufficient accumulated temperature, and could reach physiological maturity in mid-October when sowing at the end of June.
作者
徐田军
吕天放
赵久然
王荣焕
张勇
蔡万涛
刘月娥
刘秀芝
陈传永
邢锦丰
王元东
刘春阁
XU Tian-Jun;LYU Tian-Fang;ZHAO Jiu-Ran;WANG Rong-Huan;ZHANG Yong;CAI Wan-Tao;LIU Yue-E;LIU Xiu-Zhi;CHEN Chuan-Yong;XING Jin-Feng;WANG Yuan-Dong;LIU Chun-Ge(Maize Research Center,Beijing Academy of Agriculture&Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding,Beijing 10097,China)
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第3期566-574,共9页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0101202)
北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20170708)
北京市农林科学院青年科研基金(QNJJ201728)
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-11)资助。
关键词
黄淮海区
夏播玉米
籽粒灌浆特性
播期
Huang-Huai-Hai region
summer maize
grain filling characteristics
sowing date
