摘要
对比2010、2014年西安至成都客运专线建设前后卫星遥感数据,分析植被类型、面积、空间分布的变化情况,结合第四次大熊猫调查数据评估了西成客运专线对沿线大熊猫栖息地的影响。结果表明:陕西天华山国家级自然保护区大熊猫栖息地植被损毁面积为26.04 hm2,占保护区总面积的0.10%,类型以灌丛为主。菜子坪走廊带大熊猫栖息地植被损毁面积为43.25 hm2,占走廊带总面积的0.12%,类型以阔叶林为主。从空间分布来看,约80%损毁的植被位于连接隧道出入口和桥梁既有公路或废弃公路100 m范围内,西安至成都客运专线建设期对大熊猫栖息地植被直接影响程度较小。结合第四次大熊猫调查数据,陕西天华山国家级自然保护区及周边区域分布5只大熊猫,均位于线路的北侧。菜子坪走廊带及周边区域分布13只大熊猫,4只在线路西侧,9只位于线路东侧。考虑到大熊猫迁移习性,工程为大熊猫共设计5处桥梁下方动物通道和8处隧道上方动物通道,可满足大熊猫正常迁移的需求。天华山保护区段工程距离大熊猫活动位置的最近距离约5 km,菜子坪走廊带段工程距离大熊猫活动位置的最近距离约1 km,施工期间灯光、噪声、振动以及人为活动会对大熊猫活动、觅食产生一定程度的干扰,建议:严格控制施工范围与强度,优化施工时段,开展施工期大熊猫栖息地生态与野生动物活动规律研究,加强栖息地恢复。
We compared satellite remote sensing data before and after the construction of Xi an-Chengdu high speed railway in 2010 and 2014,analyzed changes in vegetation types,area and spatial distribution,and combined the data from the fourth panda survey to assess the impact of the Xi an-Chengdu high speed railway on the habitat of giant pandas along the line.The results show that the destruction area of the giant panda habitat in the Tianhuashan Reserve was 26.04 hm 2,accounting for 0.10%of the total area of the reserve,and the affected vegetation types were mainly bushwood.The damaged area of giant panda habitat in Caiziping Corridor Belt was 43.25 hm 2,accounting for 0.12%of the total area of the corridor.The affected vegetation type was mainly broad-leaved forest.From the perspective of spatial distribution,about 80%of the damaged vegetation was within 100 m of existing roads or abandoned roads connecting tunnel entrances and bridges.The Xi an-Chengdu high speed railway construction period had little direct impact on the vegetation of the giant panda habitat.The fourth giant panda survey listed 5 giant pandas in the Shaanxi Tianhuashan National Nature Reserve and surrounding areas,all located on the north side of the route.There were 13 giant pandas in the Caiziping Corridor Belt and surrounding area,4 on the west side of the line and 9 on the east side.Considering the migration habits of giant pandas,the project designed a total of 5 giant panda passages under the bridge and 8 passages above the tunnel,which can meet the normal migration needs of the giant panda.The closest distance to the Tianhuashan Reserve section project of Xi an-Chengdu high speed railway was about 5 km from the giant panda activity location and the nearest distance from the Caiziping Corridor Belt section project to the nearest giant panda activity location was about 1 km.During construction,lights,noise,vibration and human activities were predicted to cause an interference to panda activities and foraging.We suggest that the range and intensity of construction should be strictly controlled,the daily construction time be properly arranged,and the ecology of giant panda should be investigated.Also,habitat restoration should be strengthened.
作者
张洪峰
张威
胡罕
苏丽娜
万慧
张希明
吴永朋
巩匆然
杨东东
刘艳
吴晓民
ZHANG Hongfeng;ZHANG Wei;HU Han;SU Lina;WAN Hui;ZHANG Ximing;WU Yongpeng;GONG Congran;YANG Dongdong;LIU Yan;WU Xiaomin(Shaanxi Institute of Zoology,Xi'an,710032,China;Shaanxi Academy of Sciences,Xi'an,710043,China;WWF Xi'an Project Office,Xi'an,710075,China;Xi'an Botanical Garden,Xi'an,710061,China)
出处
《野生动物学报》
北大核心
2021年第1期192-198,共7页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
基金
陕西省科学院重大科学研究专项(2016K-04,2018nk-06)
陕西省科学院青年人才培养专项(2014K-33,2020K-14)。
关键词
西成铁路
大熊猫
栖息地
评估
Xi'an-Chengdu high speed railway
Giant panda
Habitat
Assessment
