摘要
元杂剧是近古中国艺术的重要类型之一,其音乐既承续两宋遗音,又融入时代新声,在多民族多地域文化交融中流变发展,成为继唐宋诗词音乐之后我国音乐史上的又一高峰。本文在前辈学者研究基础上,以关汉卿《单刀会》双调[新水令]为例,重点关照曲牌的音韵字调组合与仄声词组腔格,力求从唱腔旋律形态方面,对元杂剧“以曲牌原型框架为音调生成基础,以特定宫调音列为音高组织规范,以仄声词组腔格为基本衍展手段,以腔词音韵谐协为总体创作追求”的旋律结构和音乐风格有更为具体的认知。本文也希望以此个案研究为契机,引发学界对“语言音乐学”历史属性的进一步关注,并由此扩大至以《九宫大成》为代表的更多南北曲音乐分析,从新材料和新方法视角不断丰富中国古代音乐史研究。
Yuan drama(zaju杂剧)is one of the most important types of Chinese art in Chinese history.Its music not only inherits the legacy of the Song Dynasty,but also incorporates the new sounds of the times,developing in a multi-ethnic and multi-regional cultural blend.It became another peak in the history of Chinese music after the Tang and Song poetry music.Based on previous research,this paper takes Xin Shui Ling(新水令New Water Tune)in Guan Hanqing's Lord Guan Goes to the Feast(单刀会)as an example,to focus on its phonetic tones and melodic tune.This paper aims to bring a more specific understanding of the melodic structure and musical style of Yuan drama,in terms of the melodic contour of the singing voice.In particular,it explores how qupai(曲牌)frameworks are used as the basis for tone com position,how the pitch is organized upon the specific key series,how the tune phrase model has been used to develop the tune,and how the harmony of the tone.and tune is used as the creative principle.This case study aims to focus further attention on the historical attributes of"Linguistics of Music",and extend the analysis of other Yuan drama,which is represented by Jiugong Dacheng Nanbeici Gongpu(九宫大成南北词宫谱Official Scores of Southern And Northern Arias from the Complete Collection of Music in the Nine Modes),and to enrich the study of ancient Chinese music history from the perspective of new materials and new methods.
出处
《音乐文化研究》
2020年第3期55-74,共20页
Music Culture Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金艺术学一般项目“传统乐种律调理论及其实践基础研究——兼及古谱译解和曲调考证问题”成果之一(项目编号:16BD063)
北京市社科基金研究基地项目“金中都与元大都外来音乐文化研究”(项目编号:16JDYTB013)阶段成果。
关键词
元杂剧
新水令
音韵字调
仄声词组腔格
《中原音韵》
语言音乐学
《九宫大成南北词宫谱》
Yuan drama(zaju杂剧)
Xin Shui Ling(新水令New Water Tune)
Phonetic tones
Tune phrase model
Zhongyuan Yinyun(中原音韵Rhymes of the Central Plain)
Linguistics of Music
Jiugong Dacheng Nanbeici Gongpu(九宫大成南北词宫谱)
