摘要
圆明园舍卫城是圆明园中一处重要的佛教建筑,均由夯土夯筑而成。自八国联军入侵,圆明园历尽数次劫难,舍卫城仅残存东西夯土墙,并存在大量的掏蚀病害,遗址安全受到极大影响。首先通过对圆明园舍卫城遗址夯土的矿物成分进行分析,然后根据土工试验方法等国家标准,对舍卫城夯土含水率、块体密度、开孔孔隙率、颗粒密度、总孔隙率、颗粒粒径进行了测试实验,并开展了夯土耐崩解性实验。研究结果表明,舍卫城夯土主要由石英、方解石、斜长石、微斜长石、绿泥石,云母等构成。夯土本身富含粘土矿物及夯土颗粒分布级配不良是夯土城墙破坏的重要内因,水是舍卫城夯土城墙破坏的重要外因,而水的来源主要有储存的地下水及毛细作用,以及明显降雨,至夯土墙体饱和,使土体内部产生不均匀应力,导致土体沿着孔隙、裂隙方向崩解。在此研究基础上给予相应的保护建议。
Sravasti in Old Summer Palace is an important buddhist related architectural complex,which is made of rammed earth.The Old Summer Palace has suffered several disasters as the invasion of the Eight Allied forces.There are a lot of erosion diseases on the east-west rammed earth wall remains in Sravasti,which greatly affect the safety of cultural relics.Therefore,the mineral composition of rammed earth at the relics of Sravasti in Old Summer Palace was analyzed firstly.Then,according to the national standards of soil,factors as the water content,block density,open porosity,particle density,total porosity and particle size of rammed earth in Sravasti were tested,and the disintegration resistance of rammed earth was also tested.The results show that the rammed earth is mainly composed of quartz,calcite,plagioclase,microcline,chlorite and mica.Rammed earth itself is rich in clay minerals and poor distribution.The grading of rammed earth particles is an important internal cause of rammed earth wall damage.Water is an important external cause of rammed earth wall damage in the Sravasti.The source of water mainly includes stored groundwater and capillary action,as well as obvious rainfall.When the rammed earth wall is saturated and causes uneven stress in the soil body,it leads to the collapse of the soil body along the direction of pores and cracks.Based on the research,corresponding protection suggestions are given.
作者
周华
陈晓鹏
张中俭
周双林
ZHOU Hua;CHEN Xiao-peng;ZHANG Zhong-jian;ZHOU Shuang-lin(College of Applied Arts and Science,Beijing Union University,Beijing 100191,China;School of Engineering and Technology,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;School of Archaeology and Museology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)
出处
《科学技术与工程》
北大核心
2020年第28期11428-11433,共6页
Science Technology and Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(41602329)
2019年度北京市属高校高水平教师队伍建设支持计划青年拔尖人才培育计划(CIT&TCD201904074)
北京联合大学人才强校百优计划(BPHR2018DS03)。
关键词
舍卫城
夯土遗址
矿物成分
耐崩解性
Sravasti
rammed earth
mineral composition
disintegration resistance
