摘要
通过构建海马齿(S.portulacastrum L.)-石斑鱼封闭式海水生态养殖实验系统,模拟研究海马齿生态浮床对石斑鱼生长及养殖效益的影响,探索并优化浮床-水体面积覆盖比。结果显示,经22 d培养,海马齿成活率组间无明显差异(P>0.05),植株增重率与浮床覆盖率呈线性正相关(R^2=0.994,P=0.0485)。浮床处理组石斑鱼成活率、特定生长率(SGR)、饵料转化率和产出投入比均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而浮床处理组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。T2、T3组石斑鱼平均增重率和残饵粪便产量均高于对照组(P<0.05),与T1组无显著差异(P>0.05)。各处理组的投饵量大小顺序为T3>(T2、T1)>CK,T3组残饵粪便氮含量低于其他处理组(P<0.05),而磷含量无组间差异(P>0.05)。结果表明,海马齿生态浮床对石斑鱼存活、生长和养殖产出均具有明显的促进作用;15%的浮床覆盖率即可有效促进石斑鱼存活、提高经济效益;覆盖率为30%时,石斑鱼产量得到显著提高;当覆盖率升高至45%时,石斑鱼对饵料蛋白利用效率得到显著提升;其中以30%覆盖率综合养殖效益最佳。
The intensive aquaculture relying on exogenous feed intensifies the eutrophication of seawater and leads to the increase of aquaculture diseases,which is the main factor restricting the sustainable development of mariculture.In this study,by constructing an integrated closed mariculture system combined Sesuvium portulacastrum L.with Yunlong grouper,a hybrid of E.lanceolatus(♂)and E.moara(♀),the effect of S.portulacastrum L.ecological floating bed(EFB)on grouper culture was investigated under simulated conditions,and the optimal coverage rate of EFB in culture water was explored.The results showed that after 22 days of culture,there was no significant difference in the survival rate of S.portulacastrum L.among groups(P>0.05),and a positive linear correlation between the plant weight gain rate and the EFB coverage rate was revealed(R^2=0.994,P=0.0485),implied that the intensive fish activity could decrease the growth of S.portulacastrum L.by root damage.The survival rate,specific growth rate(SGR),feed conversion rate and output-input ratio of fish in the EFB treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference among the EFB treatment groups(P>0.05),which indicated that 15%coverage of S.portulacastrum L.EFB could improve the economic benefits of E.grouper culture tremendously.Except for T1,the weight gain rate(WGR),residual feed and fecal yield of fish in EFB treatment groups were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference among EFB treatment groups(P>0.05),that s to say,the fish WGR would be improved obviously as long as 30%of the water was covered with S.portulacastrum L.EFB.Similarly,the total feed quantity varied among groups,and the trend was expressed as T3>(T2,T1)>CK;in other words,S.portulacastrum L.EFB could increase the amount of feed intake and T3(45%coverage)worked the best.What s more,the nitrogen content of residual feed and feaces in T3 was lower than that in other groups(P<0.05),while phosphorus content stayed at the same level between groups(P>0.05),showed that feed protein utilization of fish increased in S.portulacastrum L.EFB treatment groups.Taken together,the S.portulacastrum L.EFB has obvious promoting effect upon the survival,growth and aquaculture benefit of Yunlong grouper,of which 30%coverage was the priority.
作者
李卫林
温凭
罗冬莲
杨芳
仇登高
郑盛华
郑惠东
LI Weilin;WEN Ping;LUO Donglian;YANG Fang;QIU Denggao;ZHENG Shenghua;ZHENG Huidong(Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province,Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian,Xiamen 361013,China)
出处
《渔业研究》
2020年第5期411-421,共11页
Journal of Fisheries Research
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1406306)
厦门科技局产学研协同创新及科技合作项目(3502Z20182032)
福建省公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2018R1003-4、2018R1003-7)
福建省海洋与渔业结构调整专项(2019HYJG10、CSHY005201901).
关键词
海马齿
生态浮床
覆盖率
石斑鱼养殖
投入产出比
S.portulacastrum L.
ecological floating bed
coverage rate
Yunlong grouper
input-output ratio
