摘要
[目的]科学调整氮、磷、钾肥比例和用量,同步提高水稻产量、品质及肥料利用率,为建立更科学的施肥模型提供基础。[方法]采用“3413”试验设计,研究不同氮、磷、钾施肥处理对T香优557水稻籽粒产量、品质、养分吸收利用的影响,建立肥料效应方程,并探讨3种肥料间的互作效应。[结果]氮、磷、钾肥的施用均能显著提高水稻产量,且3种肥料配施的增产效果最优。其对籽粒产量的作用顺序为N>K>P。N 2P 2K 3处理产量最高,为9606 kg/hm 2。氮、磷、钾肥的施用可以改善部分米质性状,如提高整精米率、胶稠度,降低垩白度。水稻养分总吸收量和每100 kg籽粒养分需求量均随氮、磷肥施用显著增加,同时养分干物质生产效率及养分稻谷生产效率则显著下降,且肥料的吸收利用率、农学利用率也随之下降。氮、磷、钾肥两两互作对水稻产量均有极显著影响,对水稻氮、磷、钾养分吸收影响最大的交互作用分别是氮磷、磷钾和氮钾,互作差异达显著水平。利用肥料效应方程,得出该地区获得最高产量的氮、磷(P 2O 5)和钾(K 2O)肥施用量分别为202.2、70.2和337.0 kg/hm 2。[结论]肥料对水稻生长的影响是多方面的,肥料用量及配比应在土壤自身养分的基础上全面考虑水稻产量、品质及肥料利用率而确定。
[Objective]The rate and ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be established with an integrated consideration,to improve rice yield,quality and fertilizer utilization concurrently,further,to provide theory foundation for establishment of a more scientific fertilization model and formulation of fertilization.[Method]A field experiment was conducted to reveal the effects of different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium treatments on T Xiangyou 557 yield,quality,nutrient absorption-utilization by using the“3413”fertilizer experiment design,and fertilizer effect equations were established,furthermore,the interactive effects among N,P,K were elucidated.[Result]The application of NPK significantly increased grain yield,and the effect of combined application of three fertilizers was optimal.The yield-increasing effect followed the order of N>P>K.The highest yield was obtained in N 2P 2K 3 treatment,being 9606 kg/hm 2.The application of fertilizer also improved rice quality partially.For example,head rice rate,gel consistency was increased,and chalkiness,chalky rice was decreased due to the application of N,P and K.And,the application of N and P fertilizer increased total nutrient accumulation and nutrient absorption per 100 kg seeds,but nutrient dry matter production efficiency and nutrient grain production efficiency was reduced.Meanwhile,fertilizer recovery efficiency,agronomic efficiency always declined with the increasing N and P application rate.Grain yield was significantly influenced by the interaction between N and P,N and K,P and K,respectively.The most significant interactive effect on total N,P 2O 5 and K 2O accumulation was between N and P,P and K,N and K,respectively.According to the fertilizer effect equations,the N,P 2O 5 and K 2O application amout for the highest grain yield were 202.2,70.2 and 337 kg/hm 2.[Conclusion]Taken together,the influence of fertilize on rice growth was various,which means that fertilizers application rate and ratio should be established with an integrated consideration of several factors including grain yield,grain quality and nutrient uptake,utilization efficiency,based on the soil nutrient.
作者
徐娅
李树杏
涂敏
黄佑岗
朱速松
XU Ya;LI Shu-xing;TU Min(Rice Research Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricutural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006)
出处
《安徽农业科学》
CAS
2020年第20期151-156,共6页
Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences
基金
贵州省科技计划项目“贵州省优质特色水稻研发与转化及园区技术服务能力建设”(黔科合平台人才〔2017〕5719)
贵州省科技计划项目“国审杂交稻全优785、成优498示范与推广”(黔科合成果〔2016〕4012)
贵州省农业科学院种质资源项目“特色稻种资源收集、保存与创制利用”(〔2020〕11)。
