摘要
布依语存在话题结构。布依语是典型的分析型语言,形态不发达,语序是体现话题最重要的手段。话题标记使用灵活,大多出现在口语中,书面语以韵文体口头文学作品为主。句法上,布依语的话题总在句首出现,话题后可加话题标记,存在单话题句和双话题句,话题可用无标记手段和有标记手段标识。语序是标识话题最主要的手段,最常见的语序结构为"NP1(话题)+V+NP2",其中布依语的主语、宾语和状语可充当话题。主语作话题是不及物动词的单一论元或及物动词的施事论元;宾语作话题是宾语话题化的体现,语序调整为"NP2(话题)+NP1+V";状语作话题时,时间短语、处所短语一般在句首做次话题,主话题是施事或者其它论元。布依语中没有专用话题标记,兼用虚词"ni0""■i33"作为话题标记,可用于主话题和次话题后,也可用于双话题句中,除标记话题外,还有其他语用功能。"ni0""■i33"连用表示停顿更长,常在对比话题句及双话题句中使用。语用上,话题是话语功能的体现,是述题说明的对象,通常表示已知信息,也常表示对比与强调。语义上,话题与述题之间的语义关联可近可远,布依语中存在论元及准论元共指性话题和语域式话题,语域式话题可分为时地语域式话题、包含语域式话题、背景语域式话题三类,其中时地语域式话题和包含语域式话题常加话题标记。
Bouyei language includes topic structure.Bouyei language is a typical analytical language,and its form is not developed,while its word order being the most important means to reflect the topic.The topic mark is used flexibly,mostly appears in oral language,while the written language mainly takes the rhyme literary works.In syntax,the topic of Bouyei always appears at the beginning of the sentence,while after the topic,the topic can be marked with a single topic sentence or a double topic sentence.Topics can be identified by unmarked means and marked means.Word order is the most important means to identify the topic,and the most common word order structure is "NP1(topic)+V+NP2".The subject,object and adverbial of Bouyei can be used as a topic.Subject as a topic is a single argument for intransitive verbs or an argument for transitive verbs;object as a topic is the embodiment of object as a topic,and the word order is adjusted to "NP2(topic)+NP1+V".When the adverbial modifier is the topic,time phrase and place phrase can usually make a secondary topic at the beginning of a sentence,with the main topic being the doer of action in a sentence or other arguments.There is no special topic mark in Bouyei and the function word "ni0" "■i33is used as the topic mark,can be used after the main topic and the sub-topic.It can also be used for double topic sentences,and besides marking topics,there are other pragmatic functions."ni0" "■i33" are used together,it means that the pause is longer.It is often used in contrasting topic sentences and double topic sentences.Pragmatically,the topic is the embodiment of discourse function,the object of the description of the topic,usually indicating already-known information,and often indicating contrast and emphasis.Semantically,the semantic association between the topic and comment can be either close or far from each other.In Bouyei language,there are argument and quasi argument co-reference and register topics.The topic can be divided into three categories:time-domain topic,including register topic and background register topic,in which timedomain topic and register topic often include topic marker.
作者
赵哲
周国炎
ZHAO Zhe;ZHOU Guo-yan(School of China Ethnic Language and Literature,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081;Academy for Research on Chinese Ethnic Minority Languages,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081)
出处
《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第3期159-167,共9页
Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
2014年国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“布依语参考语法”(项目编号:14FYY028)的阶段性研究成果。
