摘要
【目的】研究秸秆还田和客土技术对植烟酸性白沙泥田的改良效果,为烟叶产质量提升提供有效技术措施。【方法】通过田间试验,设置不施用秸秆和紫色土(T1,CK)、仅秸秆还田(T2,3000 kg·hm^-2)、仅掺紫色土(T3,225 m^3·hm^-2)和秸秆还田(3000 kg·hm^-2)+掺紫色土(225 m^3·hm^-2)(T4)4个处理,研究水稻秸秆还田和客土对植烟土壤理化性状、烟叶产质量等方面的影响。【结果】秸秆还田和客土方式均能改善土壤物理性状,T2和T4处理,土壤容重分别比对照降低了6.38%和2.12%;土壤质地由黏壤土(CK)转变为壤土(T2)和粉砂壤土(T3、T4)。与T1处理相比,T2处理显著提升了土壤pH值、有机质和碱解氮含量;T3处理的pH和速效钾含量分别比T1处理增加了1.43和19.98 mg·kg^-1;对土壤化学性状的改良效果以T4处理最好,其植烟土壤pH值、有机质和速效钾含量分别是T1处理的1.21、1.26和1.28倍(p<0.05)。秸秆还田和客土方式都促进了烟草生长,提高了烤烟经济效益和品质,以秸秆还田+掺紫色土处理(T4)烟叶的经济性状、C3F等级烟叶的化学成分协调性和感官评价质量最优,烤烟产量、产值和上等烟比例分别比T1处理提高了35.04%、20.64%和38.59%。【结论】秸秆还田+掺紫色土协同处理改良酸性植烟土壤效果最好,可以有效改善土壤物理性状,显著提高土壤pH值、有机质及速效钾含量,从而实现酸性白沙泥田的改良和烟草的提质增效效果。
【Objective】Improvement effects of straw returning and mixed purple soils was studied to form efficient remediation technology of sandy acid soil and yield&quality of flue-cured tobacco.【Method】Field experiments were conducted to find the effects of the straw returning and mixed purple soils on physicochemical properties of soil,yield&quality of flue-cured tobacco,which were:no straw and purple soils added as control(T1,CK),straw returning(T2,3000 kg·hm^-2),mixed purple soils(T3,225 m^3·hm^-2),straw returning(3000 kg·hm^-2)+mixed purple soils(225 m^3·hm^-2)(T4).【Result】Treatments of straw returning and mixed purple soils could improve the soil physical properties.Compared with CK,the soil bulk density were decreased by 6.38%,2.12% for T2 and T4,while the soil particle size composition transformed from clayey loam(CK)to loam(T2),silty loam(T3 and T4).Compared with CK,the soil pH,organic matter and Avail.N were significantly improved by T2;the soil pH and available potassium were increased by 1.43 and 19.98 mg·kg^-1,respectively.The remarkable improvement of chemical properties of soil was T4,which the pH value,organic matter and available potassium content of tobacco planting soil were 1.21,1.26 and 1.28 times higher than those of T1(CK),respectively.Treatments of straw returning and mixed purple soils even could promote the growth of tobacco,improve the economic benefits and quality of fluecured tobacco.The best effect on economic characteristics of tobacco,chemical composition coordination and sensory evaluation quality in grade C3F of flue-cured tobacco leaves was T4,the yield,output and the proportion of high quality of which increased by 35.04%,20.64% and 38.59%,respectively.【Conclusion】The best improvement effects of acid soil was straw returning(3000 kg·hm^-2)cooperated with mixed purple soils(225 m^3·hm^-2).It can effectively improve the physical properties,pH value,organic matter and available potassium content of soil,then achieve economic returns from both sides of tobacco leaves’yield&quality and the sustainable remediation of sandy acid soil.
作者
文志强
林阿典
廖卿
黄振瑞
李集勤
李淑玲
WEN Zhiqiang;LIN Adian;LIAO Qing;HUANG Zhenrui;LI Jiqin;LI Shuling(Guangdong tobacco shaoguan Co.LTD,shaoguan 512000 China;Guangzhou Agricultural and Mechanizational Extension Station,Guangzhou 510405 China;Grops Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province//Guangdong Provincial Engineering&Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization,Guangzhou 510640 China)
出处
《福建农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期649-656,共8页
Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
广东省烟草专卖局科技计划项目(粤烟科项201701、201702)
广东省农业科学院青年科技骨干项目(R2019YJ-QG001)。
关键词
秸秆还田
客土
酸性土壤改良
烟草品质
straw returning
mixed purple soil
remediation of acid soil
tobacco quality
