摘要
为了探明化肥减量配施有机肥和秸秆对华北潮土区小麦-玉米轮作田土壤团聚体含量、大小和稳定性的影响,设置常规施肥(CK)、化肥减量处理(F)、化肥减量配施秸秆还田(FS)、化肥减量配施有机肥(FM)、化肥减量配施有机肥和秸秆(FSM)共5个处理定位试验,分别测定各处理土壤有机质和全氮含量,并采用干筛法和湿筛法测定分析土壤团聚体的粒径分布、>0.25 mm粒级的含量、平均质量直径(mean weight diameter,MWD)、几何平均直径(geometric mean diameter,GMD)和分形维数(particle-sized dimension,PSD)。结果表明:小麦季,FS、FM和FSM处理显著提高了土壤有机质和全氮含量,并显著提高了机械稳定性和水稳定性团聚体>0.25 mm粒级的含量、MWD和GMD,显著降低了水稳定性团聚体PSD,各处理之间机械稳定性团聚体PSD差异不显著。玉米季,FM处理显著提高了土壤有机质含量。FS、FM和FSM处理的>0.25 mm粒级水稳定性团聚体的含量均显著高于CK。FSM处理显著提高了机械稳定性团聚体>0.25 mm粒级的含量、MWD和GMD;FM处理显著降低了水稳定性团聚体PSD。小麦季PSD和玉米季干筛团聚体PSD与粒径>0.25 mm团聚体的含量呈显著负相关关系,玉米季湿筛团聚体PSD与粒径>0.25 mm团聚体的含量呈极显著负相关关系。综上,在华北潮土区化肥减施配施有机肥、作物秸秆可促进表层土壤团聚体的形成,并提高其稳定性,是维持土壤肥力有效的管理措施。
To determine the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with application of organic fertilizer and straw on the content,size and stability of soil aggregate in wheat-maize rotation field in North China Plain,a field experiment was conducted with five fertilization treatments,setting up conventional chemical fertilizer(CK),reduced application of chemical fertilizers(F)in combination with straw(FS),with organic fertilizer(FM),with organic fertilizer and straw(FSM).The contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in each treatment were determined respectively.Dry sieving and wet sieving were used to determine and analyze the particle size distribution,the soil aggregate content of>0.25 mm fraction,mean weight diameter(MWD),geometric mean diameter(GMD)and particle-sized dimension(PSD).The results showed that in wheat season,FS,FM and FSM significantly improved the content of soil organic matter and total nitrogen,and significantly improved the content of>0.25 mm,MWD and GMD of the mechanical stable and water stable aggregates,and significantly reduced the PSD of water stable aggregates and compared with CK.And there was no significant difference in PSD of mechanical stable aggregates among different treatments.During the maize season,FM significantly improved the content of soil organic matter.The content of>0.25 mm water stable aggregates of FS,FM and FSM were significantly higher than CK.Compared with CK,FSM significantly improved the>0.25 mm content,MWD and GMD of the mechanical stable aggregate.FM significantly reduced the PSD of water stable aggregates.The PSD of wheat season and the dry sieve aggregates PSD of maize season showed a significant negative correlation with the content of particle size>0.25 mm aggregates,while the wet sieve aggregates PSD of maize season showed an extremely significant negative correlation with the content of particle size>0.25 mm aggregates.To sum up,the application of organic fertilizer and straw after 30%reduction of chemical fertilizer in the fluvo-aquic soil area of north China can promote the formation of surface soil aggregates and improve their stability,which was an effective management measure to maintain soil fertility.
作者
吴宪
张婷
王蕊
王欣奕
赵建宁
王丽丽
杨殿林
李刚
修伟明
WU Xian;ZHANG Ting;WANG Rui;WANG Xinyi;ZHAO Jianning;WANG Lili;YANG Dianlin;LI Gang;XIU Weiming(Agro-environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Original Agro-environment Pollution Prevention and Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-product Safety,Tianjin 300191,China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期933-941,共9页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503121-04)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程
国家重点研发计划支持项目(2016YFD0201009)。
关键词
小麦-玉米轮作
化肥减量
有机肥
秸秆
土壤团聚体
潮土
wheat-maize rotation
fertilizer reduction
organic fertilizer
straw
soil aggregate
fluvo-aquic soil
