摘要
作为中国古代佛塔样式之一的“阿育王塔”,在宋代同时出现了两种衍生的平面图像形态,对后世产生了深远影响。其一南宋大足宝顶山石刻之宝塔图碑,乃庆元府阿育王山广利禅寺(即鄮县阿育王寺)释迦舍利宝塔在南宋宁宗禁庭供奉时显灵之图,可视为表现同时代鄮县阿育王塔形态的例证。宝塔图碑属于“四面开龛作佛像式”阿育王塔图像的复杂变体,反映了南宋皇室对鄮县阿育王塔的再次供养和利用,从而制作了神异感应图像,经由皇室颁赐给地方。其二是五代末宋初佛教徒王承益刻印的“阿育王塔图”,属于“四舍本生图式”阿育王塔图像,它开启了以塔图供养代替实物小塔的新模式。阿育王塔图像与政权意识形态和法舍利观念密切结合,作为“神圣图像”进一步符号化和世俗化。
As one type of the ancient Chinese pagodas,the Asoka Pagoda had two kinds of two-dimensional images in the Song Dynasty,which had a profound impact on later generations.The first one was the pagoda stele carved in Mount Baoding of Dazu in the Southern Song Dynasty.It was a picture of the Buddha Pagoda in Guangli Temple of Asoka Mountain in Qingyuan Prefecture,when it was worshipped in the forbidden court of Ningzong in the Southern Song Dynasty.It could be regarded as an example of the form of the Asoka Pagoda in the County of Mao during that period.In addition,it belonged to the complicated variant of the image of Asoka Pagoda with“four sides with niches for Buddha”,which showed that the royal family of the Southern Song Dynasty once again worshipped and utilized the Asoka Pagoda in the County of Mao.Thus,the divine induction pattern of“welcoming the pagoda to present the auspicious phase”had been created.The other was the Asoka Pagoda printed by Buddhist Wang Chengyi in the late Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty,which belonged to the image of Asoka Pagoda with the self-sacrificing paintings of the Buddhist jataka stories.In fact,it opened up a new mode of replacing the offering of physical pagodas.In conclusion,the images of Asoka Pagoda were closely connected with the ideology of political power and concept of dharma relic,which were further symbolized and secularized as“sacred images”.
作者
吴天跃
WU Tian-yue(School of Fine Arts,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 310002,China)
出处
《美育学刊》
2020年第4期106-114,共9页
Journal of Aesthetic Education
基金
浙江省教育厅一般科研项目“五代吴越国阿育王塔在东亚的传播与影响”(Y201840114)的阶段性成果。
关键词
阿育王塔
大足宝顶山宝塔图碑
雷峰塔
王承益塔图
法舍利
Asoka Pagoda
Pagoda Stele in Mount Baoding of Dazu
Leifeng pagoda
Pagoda picture printed by Wang Chengyi
Dharma relic
