摘要
目的调查成都市60岁及以上群体听力损失现状及影响因素,为老年群体听力损失的防治提供新的佐证依据。方法于2018-10/12,采用随机抽样的方法,抽取成都市5大主城区中的2个城区(青羊区、金牛区),每个城区随机抽取一个街道(苏坡街道、西华街道),每个街道随机一个社区(同瑞社区、金牛社区),以抽中社区的60岁及以上人群为调查对象。在社区调查点采用自制问卷收集调查对象的一般信息及慢性病疾病史,在医院由耳鼻喉专科临床医生进行听力检测,采用卡方检验及多因素Logistic回归分析对收集的数据进行统计分析。结果纳入统计分析的调查对象共486名,89.51%的老年群体存在不同程度的听力损失,轻度、中度和重度听力损失占比分别为16.26%、66.87%和6.38%。高胆固醇、高血压人群平均听阈、3 kHz、4 kHz和8 kHz听阈值均高于正常人群,高血糖人群平均听阈高于正常人群,高尿酸人群的平均听阈、3 kHz听阈均高于正常人群(P<0.05);多因素分析显示,年龄、性别、高血压、高尿酸、高血糖、高胆固醇均为听力损失的独立危险因素(P<0.05);年龄≥70岁、男性、高胆固醇是3kHz听阈值(准高频)升高的危险因素(P<0.05);年龄≥70岁、男性、高血压及高胆固醇是4 kHz和8 kHz听阈值(高频听阈)升高的危险因素(P<0.05);文化程度为听力损失、3 kHz、4 kHz和8 kHz听阈值升高的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论成都市60岁及以上群体听力损失患病率较高,且以中度听力损失为主。听力损失和(准)高频听阈升高的影响因素略有不同,采取综合性及针对性措施,加强全人群和高危人群的健康教育,积极控制各种慢性病,对改善老年群体听力损失的高发有着积极的意义。
Objective To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of hearing loss in groups aged 60 and above in Chengdu city, and to provide new evidence for the prevention and treatment of hearing loss in the elderly. Methods From October 2018 to December 2018, two urban districts of Chengdu(Qingyang district and Jinniu district) were selected radomly,two streets(Supo street and Xihua street) were random selected from the two districts,and two communities(Tongrui community and Jinniu community) were random selected from each street. The groups aged 60 and above were involved. The general information and chronic disease history of the research objects were collected by self-made questionnaire at a community research site, and the hearing test was conducted by professional clinicians in the hospital,and chi-square test and multifactor Logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis of the collected data. Results A total of 486 respondents were included in this study. About 89.51% of them aged 60 and above had different degrees of hearing loss, and the proportions of mild, moderate and severe hearing loss were 16.26%,66.87% and 6.38%,respectively. The average hearing threshold,hearing threshold of3 kHz,4 k Hz and 8 kHz of the people with high cholesterol and hypertension were all higher than those of normal people, the average hearing threshold in the people with high blood glucose was higher than that in the normal people, and the average hearing threshold and hearing threshold of3 kHz in the people with high uric acid were higher than those in the normal people(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that age,gender,hypertension,high uric acid, high blood sugar,and high cholesterol were all independent risk factors affecting hearing loss(P<0.05). Age ≥70 years old,male,and high cholesterol were risk factors for increased 3 kHz auditory threshold(quasi-high frequency)(P<0.05). Age ≥70 years old,male,hypertension and high cholesterol were risk factors for increased hearing threshold of 4 kHz and 8 kHz(high frequency hearing threshold)(P<0.05).Education level was the protective factor for hearing loss, 3 kHz, 4 k Hz and 8 kHz audibility threshold increase(P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of hearing loss is high in the group aged 60 and above of Chengdu city, and the moderate hearing loss is the main group. The influencing factors of hearing loss and(quasi) high frequency hearing threshold are slightly different. Comprehensive and targeted measures should be taken to strengthen health education of the whole population and high-risk groups and actively control various chronic diseases,which have positive significance to improve the high incidence of hearing loss in the elderly group.
作者
徐景贤
郭朝先
周建萍
肖英
刘琪
XU Jingxian;GUO Chaoxian;ZHOU Jianping;XIAO Ying;LIU Qi(Chengdu First People's Hospital Chengdu Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan Province,China;Department of Scientific Research and Education,Chengdu Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan Province,China)
出处
《预防医学情报杂志》
CAS
2020年第7期884-889,895,共7页
Journal of Preventive Medicine Information
基金
四川省中医药管理局青年项目(项目编号:2016Q077)。
关键词
老年
听力损失
慢性病
影响因素
the elderly
hearing loss
chronic diseases
influencing factors
