摘要
【目的】改善内蒙古西部地区玉米增密增产与倒伏相矛盾的问题。【方法】以不同耕作方式提升土壤肥力为手段,设置种植密度梯度,分析不同土壤肥力对玉米茎秆抗倒伏指标及产量的影响。【结果】土壤肥力提升,玉米倒伏率降低。茎粗、茎秆穿刺强度和茎秆折断强度增加;且增加种植密度后,土壤肥力降低倒伏率的效果越加明显,先玉696和西蒙6号在低密度下,低、中、高肥力倒伏率平均较农户浅旋耕作方式(CK)分别降低0.33、1.41、2.50和0.51、1.78、2.67个百分点。增密后,分别较农户浅旋耕作方式(CK)降低0.59、1.95、3.71和0.68、2.30、3.90个百分点。提升土壤肥力,玉米产量提高。在先玉696和西蒙6号达到最高籽粒产量时,低肥力水平平均较农户浅旋耕作方式(CK)增加0.21 t/hm^2和0.26 t/hm^2,中肥力增加0.73 t/hm^2和0.86 t/hm^2,高肥力增加1.41 t/hm^2和1.68 t/hm^2。【结论】通过提升土壤肥力,增加玉米茎粗、茎秆穿刺强度和茎秆折断强度,从而降低了倒伏率,同时增加了产量。
【Objective】To improve the contradiction between maize high-densification for yield and lodging in western area of Inner Mongolia.【Methods】By means of improving soil fertility with different tillage methods,planting density gradient was set to analyze the effects of different soil fertility on stem lodging resistance and yield of maize.【Results】The soil fertility increased and the lodging rate of maize decreased.The stem thickness,stem puncture strength and stem break strength increased;and after increasing planting density,the effect of soil fertility reduced lodging rates.The lodging rates of Xianyu 696 and Ximeng 6 at low density were reduced by 0.33,1.41,2.50 and 0.51,1.78,2.67 percentage points,at low,medium,and high fertility respectively.After the increased density comparing with farm household shallow-rotation tillage(CK).They were reduced by 0.59,1.95,3.71 and 0.68,2.30,3.90 percentage points respectively.Soil fertility improved and maize yield increased compared with farm household shallow-rotation tillage.When Xianyu 696 and Simeng 6 reached the highest grain yield,increased by 0.21 t/hm2 and 0.26 t/hm2 at low-fertility;increased by 0.73 t/hm2 and 0.86 t/hm2 at medium fertility;increased 1.41 t/hm2 and 1.68 t/hm2 at high fertility compared with farm household shallow-rotation tillage.【Conclusion】The improvement of soil fertility could reduce the lodging rate and increase the yield by increasing the stalk thickness,stem puncture strength and stem break strength.
作者
雷娟玮
于晓芳
高聚林
马达灵
王志刚
孙继颖
胡树平
许鹏
LEI Juanwei;YU Xiaofang;GAO Julin;MA Daling;WANG Zhigang;SUN Jiying;HU Shuping;XU Peng(College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China)
出处
《北方农业学报》
2020年第2期8-15,共8页
Journal of Northern Agriculture
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300804)
国家玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-63)
农业部华北黄土高原地区作物栽培科学观测实验站项目(25204120)
内蒙古自治区作物栽培与遗传改良重点实验室项目。
关键词
玉米
土壤肥力
抗倒伏性
产量
Maize
Soil fertility
Lodging resistance
Yield
