摘要
在整个刑事立法正当性检验机制中,法益概念仅涉及目的正当性,它是一个全体法秩序共有的概念。从1834年至二战结束前的法益概念,并不具有限制立法的功能。直至二战结束后,法益理论才找到了可能发展出立法批判力的实体根据,即宪法。法益论所奉行的专注保护对象的片面思维,决定了它对于划定刑事立法正当边界所能发挥的作用是极为有限的。由宪法高度开放和包容性所决定,我们难以在完全脱离刑罚手段视角的情况下,对抽象的刑法保护目的进行有效的限制。未来,刑事立法的正当性理论一方面应借助宪法教义学,从真实目的的识别和目的合宪性的检验两方面拓展和深化目的正当性的内容;另一方面应实现思维重心从保护对象正当性向保护手段之合比例性的转移。
The concept of legal interest is a part of the legitimacy testing mechanism of the whole criminal legislation,which only refers to the legitimacy of purpose. Legal interest does not only belong to the criminal law,but it is a common concept of the whole legal order. From 1834 to the end of World War Ⅱ,the concept of legal interest is firstly based on the philosophy of moderate positivism,and then completely converted to legal positivism,so it did not have the function of restricting legislation. It was not until the end of World War Ⅱ that the theory of legal interest found the substantial basis for the possible development of legislative criticism,that is,the constitution. The one-sided thinking of focusing on the object of protection pursued by the theory of legal interest determines that its role in delimiting the legitimate boundary of criminal legislation is extremely limited. Due to the high openness and inclusiveness of the constitution,it is difficult for us to effectively limit the abstract purpose of criminal law protection without completely departing from the perspective of criminal law means. In the future,the legitimacy theory of criminal legislation should,on the one hand,expand and deepen the content of the legitimacy of the purpose from the identification of the real purpose and the test of the constitutionality of the purpose;on the other hand,realize the transfer of the focus of thinking from the legitimacy of the protected object to the proportionality of the protection means.
出处
《比较法研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第3期51-72,共22页
Journal of Comparative Law
关键词
法益
宪法
目的正当性
刑事立法
比例原则
legal interest
constitution
legitimacy of purpose
criminal legislation
principle of proportionality
