摘要
现行《反垄断法》在垄断行为的法律责任上还存在不少较为突出的立法问题,需要尽快加以完善。就民事责任而言,当前采取的补偿性赔偿制度使得反垄断民事诉讼的私人效益很低,立法应当引入合理的惩罚性赔偿制度用以激发反垄断法的私人实施。就行政责任而言:经济性垄断当前除了普遍存在缺少针对个人的罚款制度问题以外,还不同程度的存在威慑不足、威慑过度、威慑失衡、指引模糊等问题,立法除了应当共性化地建立单位与个人并行的双罚制以外,还应当个性化地引入相应措施进行对症下药;行政性垄断当前存在的主要问题是责任追究的执法权限配置非常不科学,立法应当采取的最基本措施是将查处滥用行政权力排除、限制竞争的执法权集中起来统一交给反垄断执法机构行使。就刑事责任而言,当前刑事责任的完全缺位使得垄断的规制难以标本兼治,立法应当引入适度的刑事责任进行构筑有效的威慑体系。
Legal liabilities for monopolistic conducts in effective Anti-Monopoly Law of the People's Republic of China,which have its more prominent legislative issues,req uire further perfection as soon as possible.As far as the civil liability,rational punitive damages system shall be intr oduced in legislation to motivate private enforcement of antimonopoly law on the condition that antitrust civil litigation cannot bring decent beneficial result from current compensatory damages system.As far as the administrative liability,on the one hand,the effective liability of economy monopolies generally lack fines imposed against an individual,otherwise they have t he issues of inadequate deterrence,excessive deterrence,unbalanced deterrence and uncertain guidelines at different levels.Therefore,it is an adequate remedy for these diseases not only to generally establish bipartite punishment system applied to both companies and individuals but also personalized corresponding measures;On the other hand,the main deficiency of administrative monopoly at present is the unscientific settings of enforcement authorization for the liabilities.To solve this problem,the Anti-monopoly Law Enforcement Agency shall execute the unified enforcement authority,which is to investigate abuse the administrative powers to eliminate or restrict competition.As far as the criminal liability,it is hard to co mprehensively tackle monopoly from its roots and symptoms when lacking the criminal liabilities.Appropriate criminal liability shall be introduced in legislation for completion of efficient deterrence.
出处
《竞争政策研究》
2020年第1期28-44,共17页
Competition Policy Research
基金
国家社科基金项目《反垄断法的修订研究》(项目批准号:19BFX161)阶段性研究成果
关键词
反垄断法
垄断行为
法律责任
立法完善
Anti-Monopoly Law
Monopolistic Conducts
Legal Liabilities
Legislative Perfection
