摘要
近年来,随着湖泊富营养化程度的加深,菹草疯长及其腐败给湖区环境造成了严重破坏。本文采用不投喂方式,对比研究了东平湖草鱼-中华绒螯蟹不同复合养殖模式下鱼、蟹生长情况及其对底质碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)营养盐含量的影响,来筛选适宜东平湖的生态养殖模式。结果表明,草鱼的摄食作用能有效控制菹草生物量,减轻菹草腐败带来的底质污染;中华绒螯蟹在整个养殖期间能在一定程度上控制或减轻底质碳氮磷含量,达到"养底"目的;综合比较发现,C2E1(草鱼2 ind/m^2,中华绒螯蟹1 ind/m^2)为最佳生态养殖模式,鱼、蟹生长状况最优,可生产草鱼31037.04 Kg/ha,中华绒螯蟹359.94Kg/ha,同时每产出1 t草鱼可从环境中带走129.43 Kg的C、27.83 Kg的N及3.30 Kg的P,每产出1 t中华绒螯蟹可从环境中带走121.51 Kg的C、17.22 Kg的N及1.89 Kg的P,养殖经济效益和生态效益均比较理想。
In recent years, with the continuous eutrophication of lakes, the overgrowth of Potamogeton crispus and its decomposition have caused great pollutions to lake environments. Thus, in this study, we investigated the growth of cultured animals without feeding and their influences on the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments under different polyculture models of Ctenopharyngodon idellus and Eriocheir sinensis. The ecological culturing models have been optimized and screened out for the pollution control of Dongping Lake. The results showed that the feeding behavior of C. idellus can control the biomass of P. crispus effectively and thus decrease the bottom pollution resulting from the decomposition and deposition of this waterweed. The crab E. sinensis can control or decrease to a certain extent the contents of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments throughout the culturing period, indicating that this aquaculture species is beneficial for the improvement of the bottom environment. After a general comparison among all models, C2 E1(C. idellus: 2 ind/m^2, E. sinensis: 1 ind/m^2) was recognized as the best, with which the yields of C. idellus and E. sinensis(31037.04 kilograms per ha and 359.94 kilograms per ha) were achieved, respectively. Simultaneously, 129.43 kilograms of carbon, 27.83 kilograms of nitrogen and 3.30 kilograms of phosphorus were removed from the ecosystem by catching one ton of C. idellus, and 121.51 kilograms of carbon, 17.22 kilograms of nitrogen and 1.89 kilograms of phosphorus were taken away by harvesting one ton of E. sinensis. These findings indicated that both economic and ecological benefits of aquaculture were ideal once C2 E1 model was practiced.
作者
刘峰
董俊
李娴
朱永安
闫法军
杨凤梅
董文
刘东敏
LIU Feng;DONG Jun;LI Xian;ZHU Yongan;YAN Fajun;YANG Fengmei;DONG Wen;LIU Dongmin(Fresh Water Fishery Research Institute of Shandong Province,Jinan 250000,China)
出处
《海洋湖沼通报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期131-136,共6页
Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology
基金
省财政支持农业重大应用技术创新项目。
关键词
生态养殖模式
草鱼
中华绒螯蟹
菹草
底质
东平湖
Ecological aquaculture model
Ctenopharyngodon idellus
Eriocheir sinensis
Potamogeton crispus
Sediment
Dongping Lake
