摘要
百科全书是以一家之言为中心,或按词典的形式分条编写,或按秩序排列,以阐发系统的知识世界的成果,其展示的是西方学术的立体思维和知识信息的系统思维。百科全书究竟是何时让中国人知晓的,“Encyclopedia”中译名是何时在汉字语系中出现,又是哪一位中国人最早主持编译出西方百科全书的呢?本文通过对林则徐主译《四洲志》的原本、译本内容与结构,以及该书译介新词等方面的分析,指出《四洲志》系据英国著名的地理学家和历史学家慕瑞(Hugh Murray)所编著的《地理百科全书》(An Encyclopaedia of Geography)一书编译的,所据原本应为1837年或1838年的美国费城版。这是中国第一次组织译出的西方百科全书。1839年12月14日《澳门新闻纸》最早有“百科全书”的音译词“燕西果罗啤呢阿”,林则徐努力使之“中国化”,把Encyclopaedia与传统“志”对应起来,将《世界地理百科全书》命名为《四洲志》。可以说,“志”是近代国人在汉文文献系统所表述的Encyclopaedia第一个汉文意译名。作者还讨论了参与编译《四洲志》的梁进德作为主要译者的贡献,以及《四洲志》的版本、体例、内容、流传及其影响,特别是魏源编纂《海国图志》时有意对林译《四洲志》这种“志”书体例加以继承与模仿,从而发展出一种属于“世界百科知识”汇编方式的著述体例。
An encyclopedia is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge in the form of articles or entries that are often arranged alphabetically by article name and sometimes by thematic categories.It presents knowledge systematically under the three-dimensional thinking of the academic community in the West.The paper,through analyzing the contents and structures of original and translated versions,as well as translations of new terms,states that Sizhou Zhi(the Gazetteer of the Four Continents)is a translation of An Encyclopaedia of Geography(Philadelphia,1837 or 1838)compiled by Hugh Murray,a well-known British geographer and historian.On December 14,1839,the Macao News gave“encyclopedia”a Chinese equivalent for the first time through transliteration.Lin Zexu tried to localize the term“encyclopedia”into Zhi,meaning annals or records in Chinese.Therefore,he translated An Encyclopaedia of Geography liberally into Sizhou Zhi.In this way,“Zhi”became the first equivalent of“encyclopedia”in Chinese language based on liberal translation.The paper also discusses the contribution of Liang Jinde as the main translator to the translation and editing of Sizhou Zhi,as well as the version,style,content,spreading and influence of the book.In particular,Wei Yuan compiled Haiguo Tu Zhi(the Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms)in a style similar to Sizhou Zhi,and has thus created a writing style akin to encyclopedia.
出处
《中国出版史研究》
2020年第1期78-104,共27页
Research on the History of Publishing in China
