摘要
传统的全站仪或RTK技术进行土石方的填挖计算时,外业数据采集需耗费较多的时间和人力成本,作业效率较低;而三维激光扫描仪、InSAR等技术通过获取点云数据构建DEM的方式计算土石方量,效率较高,但成本也相对较高,因此拟研究利用消费级无人机进行外业地形数据的快速采集,并进行露天土石挖填方计算的方法。首先通过低空无人机获取影像,并利用少量像控点,根据计算机视觉原理生成地形稠密三维点云;然后利用密集点云数据生成DEM,利用影像生成DOM;最后结合DOM与DEM得到露天土石挖填方量。为了验证无人机制作生成的DEM计算土石挖填方的精度,选择有起伏的地形进行实验,并与传统RTK方法计算的土石方量进行精度对比。结果表明,利用无人机构建的露天地形DEM计算的挖填石土方量与传统RTK方法的误差在3%以内,能满足工程中土石方量计算要求,且作业成本较低、效率较高,具有一定的工程实用价值。
Total station or RTK technology is used for traditional earth work excavation calculation which is low efficiency, because it requires a large amount of manpower and time. Using DEM generated by 3 D laser scanner point cloud and In SAR data to calculate earth work excavation is efficient but it has relatively high cost. So in this paper, we used consumer-grade UAV to collect data quickly, and to conduct earth work excavation calculation test. First of all, we collected test area images by UAV, and used a small amount of ground control points to create a dense 3 D point cloud topography based on the computer visual principle. Then, we used dense point cloud data to generate DEM and DOM. Finally, we combined DOM and DEM to obtain earth work excavation. We compared the accuracy of earth work excavation of RTK method and this method. The result demonstrates that the calculation error between the open-air earth work excavation by DEM on open terrain constructed by UAV and the traditional RTK method is less than 3%, which can meet the requirement of engineering quantity calculation standard. This method has low cost and high efficiency, which has certain practical engineering value.
出处
《地理空间信息》
2020年第3期23-26,I0001,共5页
Geospatial Information
基金
云南省教育厅科学研究基金资助项目(2017ZZX166)
昆明冶金高等专科学校校级基金资助项目(2017xjzk06)。
