摘要
[目的]研究银川平原滩涂湿地的植物多样性、土壤理化性质的区域分布差异。[方法]选取黄沙古渡湿地、吴忠黄河湿地、银川黄河湿地和平罗湿地4个区域为研究对象,采用野外采样、室内试验与数据分析相结合的方法,探讨植物多样性、土壤理化性质和滩涂湿地发育三者之间的关系。[结果]银川平原黄河滩涂湿地是干旱区典型的河流湿地类型,其形成受到水文、局地地形、城市建设以及旅游等多重因素影响。银川平原滩涂湿地共发现了26种植物,隶属于11科23属26种,其中菊科、藜科、禾本科为优势科,分别占植物总数的26.92%、15.38%、15.38%,群落多样性测度指标表明其群落物种组成相对单调,大多是单优群落斑块。植物群落多样性表现为平罗湿地>吴忠黄河湿地>银川黄河湿地>黄沙古渡湿地;上、下游区域滩涂湿地植被多样性较高,而中游区域滩涂湿地植被多样性较低;老滩涂植被多样性较高,新滩涂植被多样性较低。这说明滩涂发育程度和地理位置是影响植物分布的重要因素。通过对土壤有机碳、电导率、分形维数的测定,表明随着滩涂湿地发育程度的提高土壤质地越细腻,结构组成越好,表现为平罗湿地>银川黄河湿地>吴忠黄河湿地>黄沙古渡湿地。滩涂发育程度、地理位置是影响土壤有机碳含量、电导率、pH和分形维数的重要因素,随着滩涂发育程度提高,土壤有机碳含量、电导率和分形维数均逐渐增大,地理位置则是pH区域性差异的主导因素。植物多样性与土壤有机碳、电导率等土壤环境因子的关系并不是很密切,表明滩涂发育中的偶发因素影响较大。[结论]该研究为该地滩涂湿地生态系统生物多样性的保护和持续利用提供参考。
[Objective]The research aimed to study the diversity of plants and the regional distribution of soil physicochemical properties in the tidal flat wetland of Yinchuan Plain.[Method]Ancient ferry wetland of the Yellow River,Wuzhong Yellow River wetland,Yinchuan Yellow River wetland and Pingluo wetland were selected as the research objects,field sampling,laboratory experiment and data analysis were used,to explore the relationship among plant diversity,soil physical and chemical properties and the development of tidal flat wetland.[Result]The Yellow River tidal flat wetland in Yinchuan Plain was a typical type of river wetland in arid area,its formation was influenced by hydrology,local topography,urban construction and tourism.26 species of plants belonging to 11 families,23 genera and 26 species were found in the mudflats of Yinchuan Plain,among them,compositae,chenopodiaceae and gramineae were dominant families,accounting for 26.92%,15.38%and 15.38%of the total number of plants respectively;the community diversity index indicated that the species composition of the community was relatively monotonous,most of which was single optimal community patches.The diversity of plant community was shown as follows:Pingluo wetland>Wuzhong Yellow River wetland>Yinchuan Yellow River wetland>Ancient Ferry wetland of the Yellow River;vegetation diversity was higher in upper and lower reaches,but lower in middle reaches;the vegetation diversity of the old tidal flats was higher than that of the new tidal flats.This indicated that the development degree and geographical position of tidal flats were important factors affecting the distribution of plants.Through the measurement of soil organic carbon,electrical conductivity and fractal dimension,it was shown that with the development of tidal flat wetland,the soil texture was finer and the structure composition was better,the results showed that:Pingluo wetland>Yinchuan Yellow River wetland>Wuzhong Yellow River wetland>Ancient Ferry wetland of the Yellow River.The development degree and geographical location of tidal flats were important factors affecting soil organic carbon content,electrical conductivity,pH and fractal dimension,with the development of tidal flats,organic carbon content,electrical conductivity and fractal dimension of soil gradually increased;geographic location was the dominant factor for regional differences in PH values.The relationship between plant diversity and soil environmental factors such as soil organic carbon and electrical conductivity was not very close,which indicated that incidental factors had a great influence on the development of tidal flats.[Conclusion]The study provides the reference for the protection and sustainable utilization of biodiversity in the wetland ecosystem.
作者
陈向全
何彤慧
苏芝屯
冯艳琼
崔乔
CHEN Xiang-quan;HE Tong-hui;SU Zhi-tun(Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem,Ministry of Education,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021;Breeding Base of State Key Laboratory for Preventing Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021)
出处
《安徽农业科学》
CAS
2020年第7期77-82,共6页
Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41361095,41761102)。
关键词
滩涂湿地
植物多样性
土壤理化性质
银川平原
Tidal flat wetland
Plant diversity
Soil physicochemical properties
Yinchuan Plain
