摘要
随着我国煤矿开采技术与装备水平的提升,煤矿生产集约化、智能化程度越来越高,以综采放顶煤、大采高支架为代表的高强度开采工作面日趋增多,研究高强度开采覆岩与地表破坏等负外部影响及其防控技术对于实现矿区资源开发与生态环境协调发展具有重要意义。在分析了煤矿高强度开采定义及其主要技术特征的基础上,阐述了长壁高强度开采引起的覆岩破坏规律研究现状及其进展,包括覆岩破坏高度理论分析、覆岩破坏充分采动及其判据、覆岩破坏高度计算方法以及覆岩"两带"破坏模式及其形成机理等,主要研究了覆岩破坏传递过程,提出了基于覆岩破坏传递过程的覆岩破坏充分采动程度判据及其高度计算方法,揭示了高强度开采覆岩"两带"破坏模式的形成机制。其次,基于大量高强度开采工作面地表岩移实测资料,从高强度开采地表裂缝特征及地表移动变形特征等方面总结了我国煤矿高强度开采引起的地表变形破坏规律及其研究进展,阐述了高强度开采对覆岩与地表水资源、土地资源、地表生态环境、建(构)筑物等方面的负外部影响;基于高强度开采诱发的负外部影响,分析了我国高强度开采覆岩与地表破坏预防和控制技术及其进展,提出了煤矿高强度开采采动损坏的防控思路。研究认为我国煤炭高强度开采矿区将以开采的负外部影响一体化规律与防治、生态环境监测及保护技术研究为主,高强度开采条件下矿区生态环境原位保护将是未来的发展方向。
With the improvement of mining technology and equipment,the intensive production and intelligence of coal mine is getting higher and higher,and the working face of high-intensity mining represented by fully mechanized top coal caving and large mining height support is increasing.It is of great significance to study the negative external influence and prevention technologies of overburden and surface failure under high-intensity mining for the coordinated development of coal mining and ecological environment.Based on the analysis of the definition and main technical characteristics of high-intensity mining,the current status and progress on overburden failure caused by longwall high-intensity mining are expounded,including the theoretical analysis of failure height of overburden,critical mining degree and its criteria of overburden failure,calculation method of overburden failure height,and the formation mechanism of overburden "two-zone" failure mode.The paper mainly studies the failure transfer process of overburden,puts forward the criterion of full mining degree of overburden failure and the calculation method of its height based on the failure transfer process of overburden failure,and reveals the formation mechanism of overburden "two-zone" failure mode under high-intensity mining.Then,based on a large number of measured data,the surface movement characteristics of high-intensity mining are summarized from the aspects of surface cracks characteristics and the surface movement and deformation,and the negative external influences of high-intensity mining on overburden and surface water resources,land resources,surface eco-environment,buildings(structures) and other aspects are discussed.Based on its negative external influence induced by high-intensity mining,the prevention and control technology of overburden and surface damage in high-intensity mining and its progress in China are analyzed,the prevention and control ideas of mining damage in high-intensity mining is put forward.The results show that the high-intensity coal mining area in China will focus on the integration of negative external impact of mining,prevention and control,ecological environment monitoring and protection technology,and the in-situ protection of eco-environment under high-intensity mining will be the future development trend.
作者
郭文兵
白二虎
赵高博
GUO Wenbing;BAI Erhu;ZHAO Gaobo(School of Energy Science and Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China;Collaborative Innovative Center of Coal Safety Production in Henan Province,Jiaozuo 454000,China)
出处
《煤炭学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期509-523,共15页
Journal of China Coal Society
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51774111)
国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(U1810203)
河南省科技创新杰出人才资助项目(184200510003)
关键词
高强度开采
负外部影响
岩层移动
地表沉陷
生态环境
high-intensity mining
negative external influence
overburden movement
surface subsidence
eco-logical environment
