摘要
目的探讨经皮肾穿刺活检术(PRB)前血液透析能否降低急性肾损伤(AKI)患者术后的出血风险。方法本研究为队列观察性研究。纳入2015年1月至2018年12月于南方医科大学南方医院肾内科诊断为AKI并接受PRB的患者为研究对象。按PRB术前患者是否接受血液透析治疗分为术前透析组和术前未透析组;按照术后是否出现肾周血肿分为肾周血肿组和无肾周血肿组。比较两组患者PRB术前AKI分期、血红蛋白水平、凝血功能和肾脏病理改变等基线临床资料,以及术后出现肾周出血并发症情况,包括24 h内肾周血肿大小、肉眼血尿、腰腹痛、血红蛋白下降值及干预治疗(如介入手术、输血等)等。采用Logistic回归模型法分析PRB术后发生肾周血肿的危险因素。结果共90例AKI患者被纳入本研究,其中术前透析组41例,术前未透析组49例。术前透析组AKI 2~3期占比显著高于未透析组(100.0%比75.5%,P<0.001)。两组术前凝血功能指标及血小板计数的差异无统计学意义。术后24 h内肾脏超声复查结果显示,两组术后肾周血肿发生率(56.1%比63.3%,P=0.489)、术后肾周大血肿(≥5 cm)发生率(26.1%比22.6%,P=0.766)、术后血红蛋白降幅(3.7%比1.2%,P=0.505)的差异无统计学意义;两组均无输血、动静脉瘘形成、肾血管介入或手术、院内死亡等情况发生。有肾周血肿组和无肾周血肿组肾脏病理表现均以急性肾小管坏死(ATN)为主,两组在年龄、性别、体重指数、合并糖尿病和高血压、AKI分期、术前透析与否、血肌酐、血尿素氮、血红蛋白、血小板计数和肾脏病理类型等项目上的差异均无统计学意义。Logistic回归分析结果显示,PRB术后肾周血肿发生风险与术前血液透析治疗无独立相关性(β=0.568,P=0.241);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,PRB术后大血肿与术前透析亦无独立相关性(β=0.967,P=0.958)。结论术前血液透析对AKI患者PRB术后肾周血肿发生率及血红蛋白降幅无明显影响。术前血液透析降低PRB术后出血风险的作用还有待进一步研究验证。
Objective To evaluate whether hemodialysis before percutaneous renal biopsy(PRB)reduces the risk of bleeding complications in patients with acute kidney injury(AKI).Methods This study was a cohort observational study.Patients who were diagnosed as AKI and received PRB in Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2015 to December 2018 were included in the study.Patients were divided into preoperative dialysis group and preoperative non-dialysis group according to whether PRB patients received hemodialysis treatment.According to whether perirenal hematoma occurred after the operation,the patients were divided into the groups with and without the perirenal hematoma.The baseline clinical data of AKI stage,hemoglobin,coagulation function and renal pathological changes before PRB,and perirenal hemorrhage complications after operation,including the size of perirenal hematoma within 24 hours,gross hematuria,low back pain,decreased hemoglobin value and interventional treatment(such as interventional surgery,blood transfusion,etc)in the two groups were compared.The logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of perirenal hematoma after PRB.Results Ninety patients with AKI were enrolled in this study,including 41 in the preoperative dialysis group and 49 in the preoperative non-dialysis group.The proportion of patients AKI with stage 2-3 in the preoperative dialysis group was significantly higher than that in preoperative non-dialysis group(100.0%vs 75.5%,P<0.001).There were no significant differences in coagulation function indexes and platelet counts between the two groups.Renal ultrasound within 24 hours after PRB showed that there were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative perirenal hematoma(56.1%vs 63.3%,P=0.489),the incidence of postoperative perirenal large size hematoma(≥5 cm,26.1%vs 22.6%,P=0.766),and the magnitude of the decrease in hemoglobin(3.7%vs 1.2%,P=0.505)between the preoperative dialysis group and the preoperative non-dialysis group.No blood transfusion,arteriovenous fistula,renal vascular intervention or surgery,and no hospital death occurred in the two groups.The renal pathological manifestations of the patients with and without perirenal hematoma were mainly acute tubular necrosis(ATN)and there were no significant differences between the patients with and without perirenal hematoma in indicators such as age,gender,body mass index,diabetes percentage,hypertension percentage,AKI staging,preoperative dialysis or not,serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,hemoglobin,platelet count and renal pathological types.After adjusting for indicators such as preoperative AKI stage and renal pathological changes,logistic regression analysis results showed that perirenal after PRB was not independently correlated with preoperative dialysis(β=0.568,P=0.241);Multivariate logistic regression analysis resluts showed that hematoma(≥5 cm)after PRB was also not independently correlated with preoperative dialysis(β=0.967,P=0.958).Conclusions Preoperative hemodialysis does not reduce the risk of bleeding complications after PRB in patients with AKI.The role of preoperative hemodialysis in reducing the risk of bleeding complications after PRB needs further study and verification.
作者
李佳欣
蒋建平
杨培梁
杨小兵
侯凡凡
Li Jiaxin;Jiang Jianping;Yang Peiliang;Yang Xiaobing;Hou Fanfan(Division of Nephrology,Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China)
出处
《中华肾脏病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第1期13-17,共5页
Chinese Journal of Nephrology
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(81970666)。
关键词
急性肾损伤
肾透析
手术后并发症
经皮肾穿刺活检术
出血并发症
Acute kidney injury
Renal dialysis
Postoperative complications
Percutaneous renal biopsy
Bleeding complications
