摘要
【目的】明确秸秆还田条件下水稻生产合理的氮肥运筹模式,为实现水稻可持续生产提供技术支撑。【方法】以水稻品种吉粳88为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,主区为秸秆还田(S)和秸秆不还田(S0);副区为氮肥运筹处理,在总施纯氮量为200 kg/hm^2下,设置基肥、分蘖肥、穗肥质量比分别为7∶2∶1(N1)、6∶3∶1(N2)、5∶3∶2(N3)、4∶3∶3(N4)4种氮肥运筹比例,以不施氮肥为对照(CK),研究了秸秆还田与氮肥运筹对群体干物质积累量、水稻产量及产量构成因素及氮素利用效率的影响。【结果】秸秆还田结合适宜的氮肥运筹能够有效增加水稻产量。在秸秆还田条件下,随着基肥占总施氮量比例的降低,水稻产量呈现逐渐降低趋势,N1处理下水稻每穗粒数显著提高,增加有效穗数和结实率,提高水稻产量,且其产量最高比秸秆不还田条件下产量最高的N3处理高7.50%。在同一氮肥运筹模式下,秸秆还田处理水稻分蘖至拔节阶段的群体干物质积累量均低于不还田处理,拔节至抽穗阶段的群体干物质积累量均高于不还田处理,而在抽穗至成熟阶段,只有高基肥处理(N1、N2)的阶段干物质积累量高于不还田处理。在秸秆还田条件下,不同氮肥运筹间表现为随基肥占总施氮质量比例的降低,拔节至抽穗、抽穗至成熟阶段的群体干物质积累量呈逐渐降低趋势,N1处理水稻群体干物质积累量最高。秸秆还田处理的平均氮素积累总量高于秸秆不还田处理。在秸秆还田条件下,不同氮肥运筹间表现为随着基肥所占总施氮量比例的降低,氮肥利用效率呈逐渐降低趋势,N1处理氮肥表观利用率、农学利用率和偏生产力最高。【结论】在秸秆还田为8.0 t/hm^2条件下,氮肥运筹以基肥、蘖肥、穗肥质量比为7∶2∶1时能够有效增加各时期的干物质积累量,提高氮肥利用率及水稻产量,为最佳氮肥运筹比例。
【Objective】Find out the effect of straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer application ratio on rice yield and nitrogen utilization, and to clarify the rational nitrogen fertilizer application model of rice production under straw returning condition, providing technical support for realizing sustainable rice production.【Method】Using the rice variety Jijing 88 as test material, the split-plot experiment design was adopted. The main plot was straw returning(S) and no-straw returning(S0) and the sub-plot was the treatment of nitrogen fertilizer applications. Total amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 200 kg/hm^2, with treatments of different proportion of base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: panicle fertilizer were 7∶2∶1(N1), 6∶3∶1(N2), 5∶3∶2(N3), and 4∶3∶3(N4), with no N application as control(CK). It was set to study the effects of each treatment on dry matter accumulation, rice yield, yield composition factors and nitrogen utilization efficiency.【Result】Combining straw returning with appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application can effectively increase rice yield. Under the condition of straw returning, rice yield showed a decreasing trend with the decrease of the proportion of base fertilizer to the total nitrogen application. When the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer application for base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: panicle fertilizer was 7∶2∶1(N1), it could significantly increase the number of spikelets per panicle, the number of effective panicles and seed setting rate, and the yield of rice, which was 7.50% higher than the optimal N fertilizer application(N3) under the condition of no straw returning to the field, so this proportion was the best nitrogen fertilizer application ratio under straw returning conditions. Under the same nitrogen fertilizer application, the dry matter accumulation of population from rice tillering to jointing stage treated by straw returning was lower than that of non-returning treatment, and the dry matter accumulation of the population from jointing to heading stage was higher than that of non-returning treatment, while in the stage from heading to maturity, only the dry matter accumulation in the stage of high base fertilizer treatment(N1 and N2) was higher than that in the non-returning treatment. Under the condition of straw returning, the dry matter accumulation of rice population decreased gradually with the decrease of the proportion of base fertilizer to total nitrogen application, when the proportion of base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: panicle fertilizer was 7∶2∶1(N1), the dry matter accumulation of rice population was the highest.The average nitrogen accumulation of straw returning treatment was higher than that of straw non-returning treatment. Under the condition of returning straw, the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer decreased gradually with the decrease of the proportion of base fertilizer to total nitrogen application. When the ratio of base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: panicle fertilizer was 7∶2∶1(N1), nitrogen apparent efficiency, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity were the highest.【Conclusion】Under the condition of straw returning of 8.0 t/hm^2, the nitrogen fertilizer application proportion of base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: panicle fertilizer is7∶2∶1 which can effectively increase the dry matter accumulation in each period, increase the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and rice yield, thus it is the optimal nitrogen fertilizer application ratio.
作者
郑浣彤
邵玺文
耿艳秋
金峰
孙琪
刘丽新
范洪霞
郭丽颖
ZHENG Huantong;SHAO Xiwen;GENG Yanqiu;JIN Feng;SUN Qi;LIU Lixin;FAN Hongxia;GUO Liying(College of Agriculture,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Nongan,Changchun 130299,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第12期29-36,共8页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300207-3
2016YFC0501204)
吉林省科技发展计划项目(20180201037NY)
吉林省教育厅“十三五”科学技术研究规划项目(JJKH20190933KJ)
吉林农业大学博士启动基金项目(201706)
关键词
水稻
秸秆还田
氮肥运筹
氮素利用率
产量
群体干物质量
rice
straw returning
nitrogen fertilizer application
nitrogen use efficiency
yield
group dry matter quality
