摘要
【目的】分析甜瓜产业不同规模经营产出水平、效益水平、生产成本和经营效率的差异及规律,为优化我国甜瓜产业空间布局和适度规模经营提供理论参考。【方法】基于全国5个甜瓜主产区439个样本的调查数据,利用比较分析法和线性拟合对不同规模经营产出、效益和成本情况进行分析,通过构建DEA-BCC模型和弹性系数模型对不同规模经营效率进行对比分析。【结果】现阶段我国甜瓜产业小规模、细碎化和超大规模经营并存,甜瓜产业不同目标下适度规模经营存在显著差异,产出最大化、效益最大化和成本最小化目标取向下甜瓜适度规模经营分别为1~5、0~1和50~100 ha;单纯从效率最优角度适度规模经营区间为50~100 ha,但在古典经济理论假设和DEA-BCC模型以投入为导向下,兼顾产出和效益双重目标适度规模经营区间为1~5 ha,在此区间内可扩大经营规模以降低生产成本;超大规模经营虽具有一定产出集约效益和成本优势,但其实际盈利能力不足。不同经营规模效率呈M形波动变化趋势,平均综合效率、纯技术效率和规模效率分别为0.555、0.645和0.866,技术效率低下是现阶段甜瓜产业产出不足和效益不高的主要阻碍因素。【建议】培育多样化的适度规模经营主体,发展适度规模经营,兼顾不同规模经营的效率和产出;从种植制度及管理人才等多个维度遏制超大规模经营“拐点”,提高产出效益;开展投入产出承包制试点,建立农业资本共享平台,降低投入冗余。
【Objective】The aim of the study was to analyze the output level,benefit level,production cost,management efficiency difference and law of different scale management of melon industry,so as to provide theoretical reference for optimizing spatial layout and moderate scale management of melon industry.【Method】Based on the survey data of 439 samples from 5 main production areas of muskmelon in China,the output,benefit and cost of different scale operation were analyzed by comparative analysis and linear fit,and the efficiency of different scale operation was studied by constructing DEA-BCC model and elastic coefficient.【Result】At present,the small-scale,fragment-scale and super largescale operations coexisted in China’s melon industry.There were significant differences in moderate scale operations under different target orientations of melon industry.The moderate scale operations under the target orientations of output maximization,benefit maximization and cost minimization were 1-5,0-1 and 50-100 ha,respectively.The mode-rate scale operations oriented from the perspective of efficiency optimization only was 50-100 ha,but under the classical economic theory hypothesis and DEA-BCC model oriented by input,the moderate scale operation range was 1-5 ha under the dual goal orientation of considering output and benefit.In this range,the operation scale can be expanded and the production cost can be reduced.Although the super scale operation had certain output intensive benefit and cost advantage,its ac11 tual profitability was insufficient.The fluctuation trend of the efficiency of different scales of operation was M-shaped.The average comprehensive efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of different scales of operation were 0.555,0.645 and 0.866,respectively.The low technical efficiency was the main obstacle to the insufficient output and low efficiency of the melon industry at this stage.【Suggestion】Cultivating diversified appropriate scale operation subjects,developing appropriate scale operation,and taking into account the efficiency and output of different scale operation;curbing the turning point of large scale operation from multiple dimensions such as planting system and management personnel,and improving output efficiency;carrying out the pilot project of input-output contracting system,establishing the agricultural capital sharing platform,and reducing input redundancy.
作者
梁盛凯
王田月
石保纬
陆宇明
LIANG Sheng-kai;WANG Tian-yue;SHI Bao-wei;LU Yu-ming(Horticultural Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;Guangxi Vocational Normal University,Nanning 530007,China;College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China)
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第11期2614-2620,共7页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
广西科技计划软科学项目(桂科AB17205017)
广西科技计划重点研发项目(桂科AB18294008)
广西科技重大专项(桂科AA17204097-14)
南宁市青秀区科技计划重大专项(2018020)
