摘要
【目的】通过研究三主枝挺身开心形(株行距为3 m×5 m)、Y字形(株行距为2 m×5 m)和主干形(株行距为1.2 m×2.5 m)3种栽培模式下冠层结构与光能利用、产量、品质等指标,提出适宜西北高旱桃区发展的树形及栽培模式。【方法】应用CI-110冠层分析仪和树体调查法对比研究4~6 a生‘陇油桃1号’3种栽培模式下枝条生长量、冠层结构、果实产量、品质。【结果】4~6 a生主干形666.7 m^2枝量为1.04万~1.20万条,高于其他2种树形;树体叶面积指数显著高于其他2种树形,但直射透过系数最低;主干形树形可以提早丰产,但由于栽植密度过高导致果实品质下降,可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、糖酸比数值均显著低于其他2种树形。三主枝挺身开心形初果期每666.7 m^2产量高于Y字形,随着树龄的增长Y字形桃树每666.7 m^2产量逐年高于三主枝挺身开心形,但二者品质差异不显著。【结论】初果期主干形冠层结构成型快,产量高,能尽早收回成本,但主干形果实品质较低;Y字形与三主枝挺身开心形果实品质好,但前期产量低,进入盛果期后Y字形产量逐年上升,是现代果园较理想的树形。
【Objective】The traditional shape of peach tree is easy to make the crown clogging,and the light inside the canopy is not enough,thus reducing the fruit yield and quality.Meanwhile,the traditional planting mode occupies a large amount of land,which increases the planting cost and waste of land resources.Recent years one of the key changes in peach cultivation is the increasing of planting density.Based on the development of intensive production,new requirements are put forward for peach tree cultivation,and higher requirements are put forward for saving management labor in future.Therefore,it is the current research direction to train reasonable tree shape and formulate corresponding evaluation criteria to figure out the optimal tree shape and planting density for both better yield and quality.The amount of radiation intercepted by the canopy is closely related to the growth and development of plants.Tree shape evaluation mainly focuses the light canopy,which can provide scientific and reasonable theoretical basis and technical support for tree shape selection.Through the determination and analysis of canopy characteristics,the light energy utilization,fruit yield and quality with three planting densities were cpmpared,which were pillar system,Y system and three-limb-open center system.Studying on the tree shape and cultivation mode can be helpful to provide suitable reference for the development in high arid peach-produing area in Northwest China.【Methods】Correlations between the number and arrangement of the scaffold limbs,canopy structure,and fruit quality of‘Longyou 1’nectarine with 3 training systems(Three-limb-open center system,Y system and pillar system)were investigated using CI^^-110 canopy analyzer by means of hemispherical image analysis.Three-limbopen-center system was at a planting space of 3 m×5 m,with a trunk height of 60 cm and central angle at 120°;Y system was at a planting space of 2 m×5 m,with a trunk height of 60 cm,and central angle at 45°;Pillar system was at a planting space of 1.2 m×2.5 m,with trees being about 2.5 m high.【Results】The number of shoots of 4-6 years tree with Pillar system reached 10400^^-12000 per 666.7 m2,higher than the other two kinds of systems,and the observation for three years showed that shoot number with Pillar system was the highest per 666.7m2.The 5-year-old pillar tree reached a stable shoot quantity.The leaf area index was significantly higher than the other two systems,but the direct light transmission coefficient was the lowest.The results also showed that the pillar tree could reach a higher shoot number within the shortest time,thus achieving the goal of early fruit harvest and early cost return.However,the fruit quality decreased due to the high planting density,and the soluble solid content,soluble sugar content and sugar-acid ratio were significantly lower than the other two systems.In the early fruiting stage(4 years old),the shoot volume per 666.7 m2 of the Y system was the lowest among the three systems,but the difference between the Y and the pillar systems decreased year by year after the fruiting stage(5 years old).The yield of Y system was higher than that of threelimb-open-center system,but the difference in fruit quality was not significant.The average leaf dip angle of Pillar tree was only 25.12°,which showed that the orchard was airtight and the high quality fruit rate was low.Y system and three-limbopen-center system had good fruit quality,indicating that the planting density was reasonable.The analysis of inter-row canopy characteristics between the leaf area index and average leaf angle difference was not significant.TCDP of Threelimb-open-center system in inter-row was significantly greater than Y system,probably due to that Threelimb-open-center system had two limbs on the north side,one limb in the south,causing better inter-row illumination,but Y system showed no significant difference in fruit quality,however,the yield per unit of Y system was significantly higher than three-limb-open-center system of 6 year-old trees.【Conclusion】In early fruit-bearing stage,the canopy structure with pillar system had the advantages of fast completion of training and high yield that can obtain earlier return,but the fruit qualitywas lower.The fruit quality of the Y system and three-limb-open-center system was better,but early productivity was lower,the yield of the Y system increased year by year after entering the fruiting stage.The Y system was a shape suitable for using in modern nectarine orchards.
作者
牛茹萱
赵秀梅
王晨冰
张帆
张雪冰
王发林
NIU Ruxuan;ZHAO Xiumei;WANG Chenbing;ZHANG Fan;ZHANG Xuebing;WANG Falin(Institute of Fruit and Floriculture Research,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第12期1667-1674,共8页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
甘肃省农业科学院院列青年基金项目(2018GAAS06)
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-30-Z-17)
农业部园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室西北地区果树科学观测实验站项目(10218120)
甘肃省科技重大专项计划(18ZD2NA006-2)
关键词
桃
树形
冠层结构
产量
品质
Nectarine
Tree shape
Canopy structure
Production
Fruit quality
