摘要
体育锻炼是关乎老年人个体健康水平和社会健康老龄化的重要因素,从生命历程的队列视角探讨老年人体育锻炼意义重大。分析2016年中国老年社会追踪调查数据后发现,较晚出生队列中的老年人体育锻炼参与度更高。通过多重队列的比较研究发现,队列间个人支持、家庭支持、社会网络支持等影响机制的分化主要体现在较早出生的队列更容易受到健康的限制,并且有配偶、子女受教育程度更高的老年人参与锻炼的可能性更高,但有常联系亲属可能反而会降低他们锻炼的参与率,受限于生理因素和资源累积劣势,参与锻炼更可能是缺乏亲属和社会网络支持的替代补充品;较晚出生队列的老年人,社会经济地位越高、有朋友支持和社区环境支持的老年人锻炼参与率更高,健康和子女受教育年限的影响程度没有年老队列的明显,个人社会经济地位的提高增加了累积优势,参与锻炼更可能是出于健康生活方式的选择。从生命历程视角阐释特定社会情境中生理和社会因素在体育锻炼的差异和变化过程中的作用,为从社会、家庭、个人层面考察老年人体育锻炼影响机制、调整完善健康促进政策提供新视角。
An important factor related to the elder’s personal health level and healthy aging is physical exercise.However,few studies are based on the cohort view of life-course theory.In this paper,it is discovered that the aged in late birth cohort engage in more physical exercise,after analyzing the data of China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey(2016).Through comparative study of multiple cohorts,the differentiation of influencing mechanisms from personal support,family support and social network support is mainlyre flected on the following two aspects:Old people in early birth cohort is more susceptible to health restrictions,and these elders with spouses alive and well-educated children are more likely to participate in exercise but their participation rate decreases with a higher number of other relatives frequently contacted.Limited by physiological factors and disadvantages of resource accumulation,their engagement in exercise could be an alternative supplement for lacking support from relatives and social networks.In contrast,the aged in late birth cohort tend to take part in exercise more actively with higher socioeconomic status and more support from friends and their community environment.The effects of health and children’s education level are less obvious than the older cohort.The improvement of individual’s social and economic status increases the cumulative advantage.As a result,participation in exercise is more likely to result from a healthy lifestyle.From the perspective of life course,this paper explains the difference and change of impacts of physiological and social factors on elder’s exercise participation rate in specific social situations.It also provides a new perspective for examining the influencing mechanism of physical exercise for the elderly from the social,family and individual levels,contributing to adjustment and improvement of health promotion policies.
作者
王富百慧
谭雁潇
WANG Fubaihui;TAN Yanxiao(China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China;Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)
出处
《中国体育科技》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第10期22-31,共10页
China Sport Science and Technology
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目（16CTY015）
国家体育总局科技服务工作（2017B028）
关键词
老年人
体育锻炼
老年健康
队列差异
影响机制分化
the elderly
physical exercise
elderly health
cohorts’difference
influencing mechanism differentiation
