摘要
目的评价1950-2018年中国预防接种不同阶段天花、脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)、麻疹、白喉、百日咳、流行性脑脊髓膜炎、流行性乙型脑炎等七种免疫规划针对传染病的防控效果。方法通过《中国疫情资料汇编》、中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统收集疾病发病、死亡数据,按照1950-1965年(突击接种前期)、1966-1977年(突击接种后期)、1978-1987年(计划免疫前期)、1988-2007年(计划免疫后期)、2008-2018年(扩大免疫规划时期)五个阶段比较七种疾病的发病和六种疾病(不含天花)的死亡。结果中国五个阶段七种疾病的年均发病数、发病率分别为487.42万例、765.25/10万,553.43万例、650.02/10万,154.69万例、154.57/10万,11.77万例、9.67/10万,4.29万例、3.16/10万;2008-2018年比1950-1965年分别下降99.12%、99.59%。五个阶段六种疾病的年均死亡数、死亡率分别为90 461例、14.20/10万,67 226例、7.90/10万,15272例、1.51/10万,1316例、0.11/10万,123例、0.01/10万;2008-2018年比1950-1965年分别下降99.86%、99.94%。1961年后无天花病例报告,1994年后无本土脊灰野病毒病例发生,2006年后无白喉病例报告。结论预防接种尤其是免疫规划(计划免疫)的实施使中国七种传染病得到有效控制、消除或消灭,极大地提高了群众的健康水平,保证了公共卫生服务的公平性,实现了其他措施难以替代的社会效益。
Objective To evaluate achievements in prevention and control of seven inf ectious diseases-smallpox, poliomyelitis, measles, diphtheria, pertussis, meningococcal meningitis, and Japanese encephalitis-by the National Immunization Program in China f rom 1950 through 2018. Methods We collected morbidity and mortality data through the Chinese Epidemic Data Compilation and the Chinese Disease Surveillance Inf ormation Reporting System. We compared morbidity of these 7 diseases and mortality of 6 of the 7 diseases(excluding smallpox) in five stages: 1950-1965(the early stage of mass vaccination campaigns), 1966-1977(the late stage of mass vaccination campaigns), 1978-1987(the early stage of the immunization program), 1988-2007(the late stage of the immunization program), and 2008-2018(the age of the expanded national immunization program). Results The annual average numbers of cases(in 10 000 s) and incidence rates(per 100 000 population) of the seven diseases in the five stages were 487.42 and 765.25;553.43 and 650.02;154.69 and 154.57;11.77 and 9.67;and 4.29 and 3.16, respectively. Numbers of cases and incidence rates decreased by 99.12% and 99.59% in 2008-2018 compared with 1950-1965. The annual average number of deaths and mortality rates(per 100 000 population) of the six diseases in the five stages were 90 461 and 14.20;67 226 and 7.90;15 272 and 1.51;1 316 and 0.11;and 123 and 0.01, respectively. Deaths and mortality rates decreased by 99.86% and 99.94% in 2008-2018 compared with 1950-1965. No smallpox cases have been reported since 1961. No indigenous wild polio cases have occurred since 1994. No diphtheria cases have been reported since 2006. Conclusions Vaccination, especially during the era of the immunization program, controlled, eliminated, or eradicated seven infectious diseases in China. Immunization improved population health, ensured equity of public health services, and attained a great, unique social benefit.
作者
王华庆
安志杰
尹遵栋
Wang Huaqing;An Zhijie;Yin Zundong(National Immunization Program,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)
出处
《中国疫苗和免疫》
北大核心
2019年第4期359-367,共9页
Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization
关键词
疫苗
免疫规划
传染病
发病
死亡
Vaccine
Immunization program
Infectious disease
Morbidity
Mortality
