摘要
20世纪90年代以来,我国对基本农田保护采取了严格的管制制度,但效果并不明显。2012年10月,广东省出台了《关于建立基本农田保护经济补偿制度的通知》,尝试对微观主体的农田保护行为进行直接的经济补偿,率先成为国内在全省范围内建立和实施基本农田保护经济补偿政策的省份。文章对广东省22县66个村492个农户进行了调查,结果发现:大部分农户对农田保护政策比较认同;发达地区与欠发达地区补偿标准相差较大,欠发达地区的低收入农民群体保护积极性较低;农田保护经济补偿政策在增加农户进行农业生产的收入、提高农户进行农业生产的积极性、维护保持耕地数量不减少这些方面取得一定成效;由于受区域经济发展水平及政策时效的差异的影响,农田保护经济补偿政策的制定与实施在各个地区不尽相同,不同地区的农民对于政策的实施成效评价也有所差异。进一步细化差别化保护政策,提高欠发达地区或中低收入水平农户的补偿金额标准,加大对农田保护经济补偿政策的监督力度应为将来基本农田保护经济补偿政策实施的方向。
Since 1990 s, China has adopted a strict control system for the protection of basic farmland, but the effect is not obvious. In October 2012, Guangdong Province firstly issued 'Notice on Establishing Basic Farmland Protection System of Economic Compensation'and try to protect the farmland behavior by giving direct economic compensation on the microcosmic main body. Based on the investigation of 492 rural households in 66 villages of 22 counties in Guangdong Province, the results show that most farmers agree with the farmland protection policy, standard of compensation is very big between developed regions and undeveloped regions, less developed areas of low income farmers has low enthusiasm in protection. Farmland protection of economic compensation policy has some effectiveness in improving the income of farmers,cultivating land ecological maintenance and management, and improving farmers' production enthusiasm. Due to the difference of economic development, farmers in different regions have different evaluation on the implementation of the policy. Further specifying the differential protection policy, improving the amount of compensation standards for less developed regions and low-income groups, further supervising on the implementation process of the compensation of cultivated land protection policy should be the direction for future implementation for the basic farmland protection policy.
基金
广东省大学生科技创新培育专项资金(No:pdjh2016b0526)
广东省软科学研究计划项目(No:2013B070206077)
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(No:15YJA790042)
广东省教育厅科研项目社科一般项目(No:2013WYXM0115)资助
关键词
基本农田保护
经济补偿政策
实施效果
fundamental cropland protection
economic compensation policy
implementation effect
