摘要
杏是原产中国的特色果树,有关杏的科学研究自1949年新中国成立以来,大致经历了起步、发展和快速发展三个阶段。种质资源研究作为基础性工作,在资源调查、收集保存、评价鉴定、指纹图谱和核心种质构建方面进展较好;种质创新与新品种选育取得丰富成果,利用远缘杂交、实生选种、芽变、杂交育种等方法,以现代生物技术辅助,培育出大量新品种用于生产;开花生物学和光合生理研究为栽培提供了有力的支撑,而在肥水高效利用方面进展相对滞后;采后生物学和贮藏保鲜研究工作较为系统深入,但在贮藏过程中如何保持果实的风味,仍然是研究的难题;杏肉和杏仁的加工产品多样,但深加工研究及符合市场需求的产品开发仍然不足。针对杏产业发展的瓶颈问题,提出了发展思路。
Apricot(Prunus armeniaca L.)is a characteristic fruit tree native to China. China’s apricot cultivation area and yield are the highest in the world. Apricot research in China has entered a period of both quantitative and qualitative development since 1949. Thirty institutes including Xinjiang Agricultural University,Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences,Liaoning Institute of Pomology,etc.,are the active and stable forces of apricot research in China. According to statistics,268 apricot-related patent applications have been filed,and 274 scientific and technological achievements registered.The world’s largest apricot germplasm resources has been established in Liaoning,and apricot core germplasm has been constructed. SSR markers have been applied in establishing the cultivar fingerprints and the phylogenetic relationship,and the evolution in the genus Armeniaca has been systematically studied. The development of testing equipment & technology has promoted the research on the quality traits such as aroma,sugar and acid contents. The use of seedling selection,clonal selection and hybridization has played important roles in apricot breeding. Some researchers have long conducted research on distant hybridization and have succeeded. The establishment of embryo culture and in vitro regeneration system provides a powerful method for apricot breeding and germplasm innovation. Several apricot fruit quality related genes such as SaME and PaCCD1 have been identified. Apricot transcriptome research has provided conditions for the study of synthetic and metabolic genes and their expression patterns. Flowering biological characteristics such as flowering phenology,flower organ abortion,pollen vigor and stigma receptivity are important issues in the research of reproductive physiology of apricot. The research on the freezing-resistance of apricot flower organs has laid the foundation for the screening of anti-frost varieties. The study on the photosynthetic physiology of apricot trees has provided basis for the construction of high-efficiency tree shape and high-quality production. However,the research progress in water relations of apricot is relatively slow,and the research in soil and fertilization is still at a relatively preliminary level. Optimized formula of fertilization study has just started. Research on the biological characteristics,extended supply period and intensive processing of apricots has received continuous attention and has made rapid progress. Freezing point temperature storage is an effective method to maintainquality of apricot fruit in storage. How to maintain the flavor of the fruit during storage remains a difficult problem in the study of apricot storage and preservation. The comprehensive utilization of intensive processed products and by-products processing has received increasing attention. The development of apricot industry faces many difficulties and challenges,which restricts its development in the long run. Strengthening research and development is urgently needed in the aspects of innovation of apricot germplasm and application of outstanding fine varieties,and technological breakthroughs in integrative high-quality and efficient cultivation,safe production,post-harvest handling,packaging and high-quality commodity upgrading,and cold chain supply technology.
作者
孙浩元
张俊环
杨丽
姜凤超
张美玲
王玉柱
SUN Haoyuan;ZHANG Junhuan;YANG Li;JIANG Fengchao;ZHANG Meiling;WANG Yuzhu(Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences/Apricot Engineering and Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100093,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第10期1302-1319,共18页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
国家科技支撑计划课题(2014BAD16B04)
北京市农林科学院科研创新平台建设项目(PT2019-32)
关键词
杏
新中国
70年
科学研究
回顾
展望
Apricot
New China
70 years
Scientific research
Review
Prospect
