摘要
热驱动的膜蒸馏技术以其极高截留率和较温和操作条件成为膜分离领域的一个重要分支。相较于传统相转化分离膜,静电纺纳米纤维膜由纳米纤维网络组成,比表面积及孔隙率更高且为互相贯通的开孔结构,能显著减小蒸汽传质阻力,提高水通量,有效突破膜蒸馏技术通量低的限制。但特殊的静电纺丝工艺使得高通透的纳米纤维膜面临着更严重的机械稳定性恶化及膜污染问题。从静电纺纳米纤维膜材料、膜制备、膜结构、改性技术、膜污染及膜蒸馏应用等6方面对近些年膜蒸馏用静电纺纳米纤维膜进行综述,并对其在膜蒸馏应用中亟需深入研究的内容及前景进行展望。
Thermally driven membrane distillation is an important branch of membrane separation for its extremely high rejection and mild operation conditions. Compared with traditional separation membrane obtained via phase version processes, electrospun nanofiber membranes are composed of nanofiber network and has higher specific surface area and porosity with open porous structures. It can significantly reduce vapor mass transfer resistance, improve membrane water flux and effectively break through technical limitation of low membrane distillation flux. Special electrospinning technology results in highly permeable nanofiber membranes with problems of mechanical stability deterioration and membrane fouling. Development of electrospun nanofiber membrane material, preparation process, structure, modification technology, membrane fouling and its application in membrane distillation in recent years are reviewed and discussed. In addition, perspective areas in membrane distillation application are prospected.
作者
李红宾
石文英
杜启云
訾兴晨
LI Hong-bin;SHI Wen-ying;DU Qi-yun;ZI Xing-chen(School of Textiles Engineering,Henan University of Engineering,Zhengzhou 450007,China;Henan Engineering Laboratory of New Textiles Development,Henan University of Engineering,Zhengzhou 450007,China;State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Processes,Tianjin Polytechnic University,Tianjin 300387,China)
出处
《高校化学工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第4期786-799,共14页
Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities
基金
国家自然科学基金(51403052)
河南省科技攻关项目(182102210254)
关键词
膜蒸馏
纳米纤维膜
静电纺
疏水化
膜污染
membrane distillation
nanofiber membrane
electrospinning
hydrophobicity
membrane fouling
