中国粮食购销体制演变历程分析(1949～2019)——基于制度变迁中的主体权责转移视角被引量：16

An Analysis of the Evolution of China’s Grain Purchase and Marketing System(1949-2019): From the Perspective of the Transfer of Subject’s Rights and Responsibilities in Institutional Change

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摘要 1949年以来,中国粮食购销体制建设在取得显著成就的同时,也屡次经历了艰难的路径选择。梳理其发展历程不仅是对历史成就的回顾,也是对进一步改革方向的探索。本文首先介绍了1949年至改革开放前中国粮食购销体制的运行情况,接着详细梳理了改革开放后其演变的3大时期和细分的6个阶段,最后从制度变迁中的主体权责转移视角分析其演进历程的内在逻辑。研究发现:①中国粮食购销体制中存在的主体权责扭曲与制度刚性,是其1978年后改革屡次反复的关键因素;②粮食购销体制中存在的主体权责扭曲可分为系统性扭曲和个体扭曲,20世纪90年代后期起粮食购销体制改革的困境主要由政府和种粮农民的个体权责扭曲造成;③政府对粮食安全概念中个别生产性指标的过度关注,是其采取刚性政策的原因之一,并导致了粮食购销体制中的主体权责扭曲。降低对与粮食增产相关的粮食安全指标的关注、完成由价格支持政策到直接补贴政策的过渡、适当增加农民承担价格风险的责任,是中国粮食购销体制进一步市场化改革的有力保障。 China’s grain purchase and marketing system has made remarkable achievements since 1949,but it has also experienced many iterations.Therefore,a summary of the reform course not only means a review of historical achievements,but also an exploration of the reform orientation.This article starts with an introduction of the operation of China’s grain purchase and marketing system from 1949 to 1978,afterwards it conducts a detailed analysis of the three major periods and six stages of its evolution since the reform and opening-up.Finally,it analyzes the internal logic of the evolution process from the perspective of the transfer of subject’s rights and responsibilities in institutional change.The results are as follows.First,the distortion of the subject’s rights and responsibilities and the system rigidity in China’s grain purchase and marketing system are the key factors for repeated reform of the system after 1978.Second,the distortion of subject’s rights and responsibilities in the grain purchase and marketing system can be divided into a systematic distortion and an individual distortion.Since the late 1990s,the obstacle to the reform on the grain purchase and marketing system mainly lies in the distortion of individual rights and duties of both the government and grain farmers.Third,the government’s excessive attention to individual production indicators in the concept of “food security” is one of the reasons why the government adopts rigid policies,which leads to the distortion of the rights and responsibilities in the grain purchase and marketing system.

作者钱煜昊曹宝明武舜臣 Qian Yuhao;Cao Baoming;Wu Shunchen

机构地区南京财经大学粮食经济研究院清华大学中国农村研究院

出处《中国农村观察》 CSSCI 北大核心 2019年第4期2-17,共16页 China Rural Survey

基金国家粮食行业公益性科研专项项目“粮食产后损失浪费调查及评估技术研究”(项目编号:201513004) 2017年国家教育部规划基金项目“供给侧结构性改革中粮食流通转型升级路径及对策研究”(项目编号:17YJAZH031) 博士后科学基金面上资助项目“收储制度改革与粮食全要素生产率提升研究”(项目编号:2018M631509)的资助

关键词粮食购销体制制度变迁主体权责转移 Grain Purchase and Marketing System Institutional Change Transfer of Subject’s Right and Responsibility

分类号 F320.2 [经济管理—产业经济]