摘要
为研究再生稻对稻田温室气体排放和产量的影响,于2017年在潜江广华农场,设置常规栽培与优化栽培两种再生稻种植模式,研究其对稻田N2O与CH4排放、头季与再生季水稻产量的影响。结果表明,栽培模式显著影响N2O排放、CH4排放和全球增温潜势(GWP)。与常规栽培模式相比,优化栽培模式N2O累计排放量在头季、再生季和全生育期分别显著增加了82.0%、45.3%和64.0%,CH4累计排放量分别降低了55.0%、260.0%和34.9%,GWP分别降低了52.7%、218.6%和31.9%。同时,与常规栽培模式相比,优化栽培模式头季产量、再生季产量和总产分别提高了23.8%、30.0%和25.4%。研究表明,优化栽培模式相对于常规栽培模式在降低全球增温潜势的同时还能提高头季与再生季水稻产量,是一项低碳高产的再生稻栽培模式,值得在湖北省稻区推广。
Rice ratooning can be an effective way to enhance the multiple-cropping index of paddy fields, grain yield per unit, and economic benefits. Thus, it has become an important rice cropping pattern in China. However, the effects of ratooning rice on greenhouse gas emissions remain unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of different cultivation modes(traditional and optimized cultivation)on greenhouse gas emissions and grain yields from ratooning rice fields of Guanghua Farm, Qianjiang City, in 2017. The soil N2O and CH4 emissions were determined by a static closed-steel method, and the soil N2O and CH4 fluxes were measured at 7~10 d intervals. The results of this study indicated that there were peaks in N2O fluxes immediately after each N application and after field drainage. Moreover, other peaks in N2O fluxes were found at the heading stages of first rice crops and rice ratooning. The N2O fluxes under the traditional cultivation model ranged from-15.70 μg·m^-2·h^-1 to 536.24 μg·m^-2·h^-1 in the first rice season, and from 18.04 μg·m^-2·h^-1 to 168.38 μg·m^-2·h^-1 in the ratooning rice season. For the optimized cultivation mode, the fluxes varied from 9.53 μg·m^-2·h^-1 to 1 031.99 μg·m^-2·h^-1 in the first rice season, and from 16.54 μg·m^-2·h^-1 to 338.90 μg·m^-2·h^-1 in the ratooning rice season. Compared with the traditional cultivation model, the optimized cultivation mode significantly increased contents of soil NH+4-N, NO-3-N, and dissolved organic C by 78.7%, 31.8%, and 25.3%,respectively. Cultivation patterns had significant effects on cumulative N2O and CH4 emissions. Compared with traditional cultivation mode,the optimized cultivation mode significantly enhanced cumulative N2O emissions by 82.0%, 45.3%, and 64.0%, but decreased cumulative CH4 emissions by 55.0%, 260.0%, and 34.9%, and reduced global warming potential by 52.7%, 218.6%, and 31.9% in the first, ratooning,and whole rice seasons, respectively. The contribution of CH4 to the global warming potential was 80.7%~98.3%, which was obviously higher than that of N2O(1.7%~19.3%). Moreover, cultivation patterns also significantly affected rice grain yields. Optimized cultivation mode resulted in 23.8%, 30.0%, and 25.4% higher grain yields in the first, ratooning, and whole rice seasons relative to traditional cultivation mode. Together, our results suggest that the optimized cultivation mode is a sustainable ratooning cultivation mode with great global warming mitigation potential and increased grain yields from first and ratooning rice in paddy fields. Thus, it is worth to popularize this cultivation mode in rice planting areas of Hubei Province.
作者
邓桥江
曹凑贵
李成芳
DENG Qiao-jiang;CAO Cou-gui;LI Cheng-fang(MARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Plant Science & Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434023,China)
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第6期1373-1380,共8页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300907,2017YFD0301403)
国家自然科学基金项目(31671637)
湖北省自然科学基金项目(2018CFB608)~~
