摘要
【目的】高粱是中国白酒的主要原料,其产量受生育期生态条件的影响很大,直播是轻简化栽培趋势下的必然选择,探讨直播条件下播期对不同高粱品种生长发育及产量的影响,为西南地区直播高粱高产、高效生产提供依据。【方法】以5个西南地区主栽高粱品种为材料,设置5个播期,研究了播期对直播高粱出苗率、生育期、光合性能和产量及其构成因素的影响,并分析其与气象因子的关系。【结果】播期对高粱生长发育及产量形成均有显著的影响,品种间变化趋势相似,但变异程度存在差异。随着播期的推迟,高粱出苗率显著增加,生育期缩短,主要表现在播种—抽穗的生育日数明显缩短。抽穗期顶三叶SPAD值和叶面积指数(LAI)均呈先上升后下降的趋势。结实率、千粒重、穗粒重和产量均随播期的推迟而降低。高粱出苗率与播种后7 d均温、有效积温和降雨量呈极显著正相关;生育期和产量与抽穗前和全生育期均温呈极显著负相关。【结论】较迟播而言,早播高粱生育期延长,产量较高,但出苗率低。西南地区直播高粱的适宜播期为4月15日—5月2日。
[Purpose]Sorghum is the main raw material of Chinese liquor, the yield of which is affected by ecological condition of growth period greatly. Direct seeding, one of most important simplified cultivation ways is more and more popular. This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of sowing date on growth and grain yield of direct seeding sorghum, expecting to provide a reference for high-efficient production of direct seeding sorghum in the Southwest China.[Method]Five sorghum varieties mainly grown in Southwest China were used as materials, and five sowing dates were designed. The emergence rate, growth stage, photosynthetic characteristics and yield were measured and the correlation between these characters above and ecological factors was analyzed.[Result]Sowing date had a significant effect on the growth and yield of sorghum, with similar trend but different extent of variation among cultivars. Along with the delay of sowing date, the emergence rate of direct seeding sorghum increased significantly, and the growth stage shortened, primarily causing by the lessening of days between sowing and heading. The SPAD of top three leaves and LAI in heading stage both increased firstly and then declined. The seed setting rate, 1 000-grain weight, grain weight per ear and yield all decreased with the delay of sowing date. There were highly significant positive correlations between emergence rate and average temperature, effective accumulative temperature and rainfall of 7 days after sowing. The growth stage and yield of sorghum had highly significant negative correlations with average temperature of the period before heading and the whole growth stage.[Conclusion]Compared with sowing late, sowing early had the advantages of longer growth stage, higher yield, but the disadvantage of lower emergence rate. The suitable sowing date was recommended between April 15th and May 2nd for direct seeding sorghum in Southwest China.
作者
周瑜
黄娟
吴毓
李泽碧
张亚勤
奚江
张晓春
ZHOU Yu;HUANG Juan;WU Yu;LI Zebi;ZHANG Yaqin;XI Jiang;ZHANG Xiaochun(Institute of Characteristic Crops Research, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China)
出处
《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第3期384-392,共9页
Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science
基金
重庆市科研机构绩效激励引导专项(cstc2018jxjl80008)
重庆市社会民生科技创新专项(cstc2017shms-xdny80034)
永川区自然科学基金(Ycstc
2017nc1001)
关键词
播期
直播高粱
生长发育
产量
sowing date
direct seeding sorghum
growth
yield
