摘要
农业生产中常采用深耕、秸秆还田和施用土壤改良剂等措施促进生土熟化。本研究旨在探索施肥与降水配合对生土棉花根、苗、土及微生物间的相互影响机制,为不同降水年型下生土作物合理施肥提供科学依据。试验连续3年以黄土母质生土为供试土壤,探讨施肥深度在0～20 cm,施氮肥(N)、磷肥(P)、氮磷钾复合肥(NPK)、有机肥(ORG)以及干旱、平水、丰水三个降水年型下在40～60 cm施ORG和ORG+NPK分别对生土熟化的效果。研究结果表明,生土地0～20 cm施有机肥显著增加棉花杆重、棉桃总重和地上部总重量,施有机肥或含磷肥对生土棉花根际土壤养分、根系养分含量和酶活性有明显促进作用。施有机肥明显改善了土壤微生物多样性和丰富度;相同施肥条件下,降水对土壤熟化的效果至关重要。其中,干旱年和丰水年施有机肥均显著增加棉花产量,在平水年施有机肥和氮磷钾复合肥,干旱年或丰水年单施有机肥能更有效的提高土壤微生物多样性。综合分析得出,生土地快速改良熟化土壤的施肥措施为有机肥加磷肥。结合降水的条件下,加快生土熟化、提高土壤微生物多样性的最佳施肥方式为:平水年配施有机肥和氮磷钾复合肥,干旱年和丰水年单施有机肥。
Keeping the soil layer moist and incorporating with fertilization can effectively improve soil structure and improve soil microbial activity. This article explored the interaction mechanism between fertilization and precipitation on the root, seedling, soil and microbe of raw soil cotton. And the results can provide a scientific basis for rational fertilization of raw soil cotton under different precipitation years. The experiments were conducted out for 3 consecutive years and the test soil was loess parent raw soil. The experiments explored the effects of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), NPK compound fertilizer(NPK)and organic fertilizer(ORG)on raw soil ripening, when the fertilization depth was 0 ~20 cm. The experiments also surveyed the impacts of ORG, ORG+NPK on raw soil ripening under drought, flat water and abundant water as three types of precipitation, when the fertilization depth was 40 ~60 cm. The results showed that the ORG under 0 ~20 cm significantly increased cotton pole weight, total weight of cotton peach and total aboveground biomass. The ORG or P significantly improved soil nutrition of raw soil cotton rhizosphere, root nutrition and enzyme activities. The ORG significantly enhanced the soil microbial diversity and abundance. Under the same fertilization measure, precipitation played an important role on soil ripening. The ORG under drought and flat water significantly enhanced cotton yield. ORG and NPK under flat water, ORG under drought or abundant water could effectively improve soil microbial diversity. The comprehensive analysis showed that fertilization measure for rapid improving and ripening soil of raw land was ORG+P. Regarding to the precipitation, ORG+NPK under flat water, ORG under drought and abundant water were the best fertilization types to speed up raw soil ripening and improve soil microbial diversity.
作者
李文广
苏志峰
李学浩
杨珍平
高志强
LI Wenguang;SU Zhifeng;LI Xuehao;YANG Zhenping;GAO Zhiqiang(Collage of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China)
出处
《激光生物学报》
CAS
2019年第2期144-154,共11页
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201503120)
国家自然科学基金项目(31101113)
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项项目(CARS-03-01-24)
山西省科技创新团队项目(201605D131041)
作物生态与旱作栽培生理山西省重点实验室项目(201705D111007)
关键词
生土熟化
棉花
施肥
降水
土壤养分
土壤微生物
immature soil into arable land
cotton
fertilizer
precipitation
soil nutrients
soil microbial
