摘要
工作中的时间压力是难以避免的问题,然而时间压力与员工创新行为之间的关系尚存争议。本文根据组织二元性的观点,将员工创新行为区分为探索式创新行为和利用式创新行为,旨在讨论时间压力对员工两类创新行为的不同影响,以及工作调节焦点的中介作用和服务型领导的调节作用。以258名研发部门、设计部门以及营销部门从事创新活动的员工为样本的三阶段调研数据进行实证分析,结果表明:(1)时间压力促进利用式创新行为,抑制探索式创新行为;(2)促进型工作焦点和防御型工作焦点均在时间压力与探索式创新行为、利用式创新行为的关系间起到部分中介作用;(3)服务型领导在时间压力与促进型工作焦点的关系间起到正向调节作用,在时间压力与防御型工作焦点的关系间起到负向调节作用,并进一步调节了两种工作调节焦点的中介作用。本研究深入探析了时间压力对两类个体创新行为的差异化影响以及作用机制和边界条件,为时间压力"双刃剑"效应的后续研究提供了可供参考的新视角,也为企业日常管理实践提供了有益的启示。
Innovation is a problem that contemporary enterprises must face in a dynamic environment,and also an important source for building core competitiveness of enterprises.Employees as the main body of innovation activities,their innovative behavior is the key factor of enterprise's innovation performance.In recent years,China has entered a new period.Under the requirement of“accelerating innovation”,more enterprises and employees have experienced greater time pressure.Time pressure at work is inevitable problem,however the relationship between time pressure and innovation is still in controversy.Therefore,it's critical for organizations to understand whether time pressure promote or inhibit employees'innovative behavior.As scholars divide the types of corporate innovation activities,employees'innovative behaviors can also be divided into different types.This division is supported in enterprise practice.For example,the China Statistical Yearbook pointed out utility model patens and design patents which are lower degree of novelty accounted for 80%of patent applications in 2016,while invention patents which is higher degree of novelty accounted for only 20%of patent applications.According to this view,this paper divide individual innovative behavior into exploratory innovative behavior and exploitative innovative behavior.Based on the Attentional Focus Theory and Regulatory Focus Theory,this paper investigated the relationship between time pressure and employees'exploratory innovative behavior and exploitative innovative behavior,and the mediation effect of work regulatory focus as well as the moderation effect of servant leadership.This research proposes hypotheses on the influence mechanism of time pressure on employees'exploratory and exploitative innovative behavior.Using data collected from 258 employees in Anhui and Jiangsu province,which conducted by 3-way design,this paper examined the hypotheses.The empirical results showed that(1)time pressure promotes employees exploitative innovative behavior and prohibits their exploratory innovative behavior,(2)promotion and prevention work regulatory focus both partially mediates the relationship between time pressure and exploratory innovative behavior and exploitative innovative behavior,(3)servant leadership has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between time pressure and promotion work regulatory focus but a negative moderating effect on the relationship between time pressure and prevention work regulatory focus,and then moderates the mediating role of promotion work regulatory focus and prevention work regulatory focus.That is to say,servant leadership reinforces the mediating role of promotion work regulatory focus and attenuates the mediating role of prevention work regulatory focus.This paper made three contributions to as follows:(1)this study integrates the previous research on the debate between time pressure and innovative behavior,and takes the first place to prove the different influence of time pressure on exploratory innovative behaviors and exploitative innovative behavior.(2)The mediating mechanism between time pressure and innovative behavior has been rarely discussed,based on the regulatory focus theory,the work regulatory focus is first introduced and discussed as the mediating mechanism.(3)The moderating role of servant leadership is examined to accumulate evidence for exploring the boundary conditions of the influence of time pressure.There are also some managerial implications:(1)Managers should view time pressure dialectically and consider what kind of innovation they hope to achieve when putting time pressure on employees.(2)Managers should pay more attentions to employees'work regulatory focus,and attempt to expand the scope of their attention,in order to guide them to form the promotion work regulatory focus.(3)Organizations should select and cultivate managers with servant leadership style.
作者
宋锟泰
张正堂
赵李晶
SONG Kun-tai;ZHANG Zheng-tang;ZHAO Li-jing(School of Business,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210093,China)
出处
《经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第5期72-87,共16页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"奖酬对知识员工创新绩效影响的心理机制及员工特性的调节效应"(71472092)
国家自然科学基金项目"企业师徒制对新员工适应性绩效的影响机制研究--基于资源保存理论视角"(71862019)
国家自然科学基金项目"女性创业者养家动机对其工作-家庭增益的影响研究"(71802001)
关键词
时间压力
探索式创新行为
利用式创新行为
工作调节焦点
服务型领导
time pressure
exploratory innovative behavior
exploitative innovative behavior
work regulatory focus
servant leadership
