摘要
实行行为概念在域外与我国都经历了内容实质化与功能膨胀化的发展之路。经反思可知,在定义层面,实行行为的形式化定义存在颠倒入罪判断逻辑顺序的缺陷,而以危险为内核的实质化定义也面临危险时点难以划定的问题。在功能层面,其不具备预备与未遂、正犯与共犯的区分功能,也不具备对偶然性事件的出罪功能,以及解决结果提前实现问题与原因自由行为可罚性问题的功能。预备与未遂的区分是结果判断问题,正犯与共犯的区分是犯罪支配划定问题,偶然性事件的出罪是因果关系中的相当性问题,结果提前实现是主观归责问题,原因自由行为的可罚性是责任评价问题。同时,实行行为概念在我国并不具备坚实的实定法基础,其所承担的犯罪类型化功能与因果关系起点功能则能够分别被危害行为与刑法中的行为所承担。实行行为概念遮蔽了对具体问题的独特思维方式,徒增概念泡沫,成为一个名副其实的"黑箱",鉴于以上原因,实行行为概念应当被取消。
The concept of perpetrating act has taken the development path of content substantialization and functional expansion both in China and abroad.Upon reflection,we can see that,at the level of definition,the formal definition of this concept has the defect of transposing the due sequence of crime judgment and the substantive definition,which takes danger as its core,is faced with the difficulties in the determination of the time-point of danger.At the functional level,this concept does not have the function of distinguishing preparation from attempted,or the principal offender from accomplices,and it cannot reasonably solve the problems of contingency and the early realization of constitutive elements.It is even less able to give reasons for punishability of actio libera in causa.The distinction between preparation and attempt is an issue of result judgment,the distinction between the principal offender and the accomplice is an issue of determination of crime control,contingency is an issue of equivalence in causality,the early realization of constitutive elements is an issue of subjective imputation,and reasons for punishability of actio libera in causa is an issue of judgement of responsibility.At the same time,the concept of perpetrating act does not have a solid foundation in Chinese substantive law.Its functions of typification of crimes and its function as the starting point of causality can be undertaken by the concept of dangerous act and the concept of act in the criminal law,respectively.The concept of perpetrating act covers up the thinking method corresponding to the field of specific problems,and increases bubbles of concept,and,as such,has become a genuine“black box”.Based on the above reasons,this concept should be abolished.
出处
《环球法律评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第4期99-119,共21页
Global Law Review
基金
作者主持的2017年国家社会科学基金青年项目"正犯与主犯关系的重构与应用研究"(17CFX067)的研究成果
