摘要
农村环境污染问题是我国实现十八届五中全会倡导的五位一体重大战略的突出矛盾,也是学术界需要研究的核心问题之一。本研究利用利益相关者理论分析法,对我国农村环境治理失灵的内在机理进行理论解释,认为政府、企业、城市、村民、环保组织、科研院校等利益相关者的不同利益诉求和行为导向,造成了目前农村环境污染的现实困境。分析发现:正是政府层面重视经济发展,轻视监管职责;企业层面重视经济利润,轻视社会责任;农民层面重视生计诉求、轻视安全需求;城市层面突破政府管制,转嫁污染成本;环保组织力量资源有限,难以提供环保功能以及科研院校重视环保技术研发,轻视科技推广,才导致了现阶段农村环境污染愈演愈烈。因此,只有明确政府、企业、城市、村民、环保组织、科研院校等利益相关者的角色定位,充分发挥好各自的环保功能,真正构建起农村环境的共同治理体系,才能克服不同利益相关者之间的冲突和相互博弈状态,进而实现农村环境善治的目标。研究结论表明:农村环境善治的内涵体现为政治国家与公民社会的合作参与、共同治理乡村环境问题.其主要特征为合法性、透明性、责任性、回应性、有效性,其实质是在乡村环境治理中,构建起强国家和强社会的"双强"模式。通过构建这种"双强"模式使国家与社会在乡村环境治理中达成利益均衡共识,彼此协同合作,共同致力于乡村环境的善治之道,以此彻底改变现在的乡村污染面貌,最终实现十八届五中全会倡导的生态良好农村战略构想。
The problem of village environment pollution is not only a prominent contradiction for five in one major strategy which is put forward by the eighth session of the Fifth Plenary Session,but also a core question which is need to be researched by academia.This research uses the stakeholder theory analysis to explain the internal mechanism of governance failure for village environment from theory and thinks that the different interest appeals and behavior guidance of government,enterprise,city,villager,environmental organizations and research institutions contribute to the village environment dilemma.The research finds that:government emphasises on economic development and ignores supervision;enterprises purse economic profit and forget social responsibility;farmers are eager for existence and don' t care for safety;cities break the rule of government and pass the cost of pollution;environmental organizations are so limited in resource that they can' t realize the function of protection;research institutions put themselves in environmental technology research and put the technology promotion outside.Only we define the role of government,enterprise,city,villager,environmental organizations and research institutions and make their function work,can we build the common governance system of village environment,overcome the conflict and game between different stakeholders and realize the aim of good governance for village environment.The research shows that the connotation of good governance is reflected by the cooperation between political state and civil society,the common governance in village problem,which main features are legality,transparency,responsibility,responsiveness and effectiveness and substance is to construct strong state and strong society which is 'double-strong' mode in village government governance.Through the construction of 'double-strong' mode,we can gain consensus between state and society in village governance,realize collaboration,work together to make good governance realize,change environment pollution thoroughly and realize the strategic vision for good ecological village which is advocated by the eighth session of the Fifth Plenary Session.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第5期32-38,共7页
China Population,Resources and Environment
关键词
农村环境
利益相关者理论
共同治理
强国家一强社会
乡村善治
village environment
stakeholders theory
common governance
strong state and strong society
good governance for village
