摘要
利用1961—2016年新疆塔里木盆地43个气象站逐日平均气温及最低气温,建立其近56 a的寒潮过程序列,并结合NCEP/NCAR高度场的逐日再分析资料,对塔里木盆地区域寒潮过程气候变化特征及环流异常进行分析。结果表明:塔里木盆地单站寒潮频次北部多于南部,山区多于平原的分布特点与地形特征有直接关系,全区寒潮频次有一致变化的特征且在1980年左右经历由多到少的转变,共有13站存在显著减少趋势。塔里木盆地区域性寒潮过程易在4月、2月和10月发生,寒潮频次减少趋势不显著,有14～16、7～9、4 a左右的明显振荡;区域性寒潮过程持续日数一般在2～5 d,寒潮范围在13～42站,其中1月寒潮过程持续时间最长、3月与9月最短,5月寒潮范围最大、2月最小,在塔里木盆地最易发生持续日数为2 d、寒潮范围达半数以上站点的寒潮过程。500 hPa新疆东部高度负异常配合乌拉尔山高度正异常与塔里木盆地寒潮频次有密切联系,乌拉尔山正变高中心接近平均正变高中心或偏南时,利于区域性寒潮爆发,且正变高中心强度与寒潮范围有良好的一致性。
By using the daily average and minimum air temperature data from 43 meteorological stations in the Tarim Basin and NCEP/NCAR daily reanalyzed data during 1961-2016,the cold wave process sequence of last 56a in the Tarim Basin was established, and the climate characteristics of cold wave in the Tarim Basin and circulation anomaly were analyzed. The results showed that： the occurrence of cold wave in the north was more frequent than that in the south, mountain areas was more than plain area because of terrain feature, the cold wave frequency of 13 weather stations had obvious decreasing tendency, the spatial distribution of the cold wave frequency in the Tarim Basin had the whole region modes, and there was a shift from more to less in 1980.The regional cold wave frequency in the Tarim Basin had a weak decreasing tendency and easy happened in April, February and October, it also had 14-16a,4a,7-9a period change. The duration of regional cold wave was generally for 2-5 days, cold wave process ranged from 13 to 42 stations. The longest duration appeared in January and the shortest appeared in March and September, the largest cold wave scope appeared in May and the smallest appeared in February, the regional cold wave which duration lasted 2 days and ranged over 22 stations most easily occurred. The system of positive-negative difference in the Urals and the eastern Xinjiang, was closely related to the cold wave frequency of the Tarim Basin, the high center of the Ural mountains was close to the average high center or south, which was conducive to the outbreak of regional cold wave, and there was a good consistency between the high center strength and the cold wave range.
作者
刘精
樊静
江远安
余行杰
LIU Jing;FAN Jing;JIANGYuanan;YU Xingjie(Xinjiang Climate Center,Urumqi 830002,China;Xinjiang agricultural meteorologicalobservatory,Urumqi 830002,China)
出处
《沙漠与绿洲气象》
2018年第4期38-44,共7页
Desert and Oasis Meteorology
基金
中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所基本科研业务费专项资金(IDM2016003)
中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201709)共同资助
