摘要
目的通过分析成都市0~3岁儿童气质类型及维度特征,了解不同年龄阶段儿童的心理特征,为制定个体化早期教养与指导提供依据。方法选取2012年10月至2017年4月于四川省妇幼保健院建档的0~3岁的健康儿童为调查对象,由主要照顾人填写气质问卷后,用气质分析软件分析各气质维度及气质类型。结果成都市5142例儿童气质类型以易养型和中间偏易养型为主,其中易养型气质儿童2280例,中间偏易养型气质儿童2167例;不同年龄儿童气质类型分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同性别儿童气质类型分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同年龄不同性别的儿童在活动水平、趋避性、适应性、情绪本质、反应阈五项气质维度上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论不同年龄阶段儿童气质类型存在差异,个别气质维度在不同年龄和性别的儿童中存在差异。因此,在制定儿童早期教养指导方案时,应充分考虑儿童的气质类型及气质维度的情况。
Objective To explore the temperament types and dimension features of 0~3 years old children in Chengdu in order to obtain the psychological characteristics of children in different ages,and provide the basis for individual early education and guidance.Methods The survey was conducted in the cluster sample with age in 0 ~ 3 years old who were selected from Sichuan Province Hospital for Women and Children in October 2012 to April 2017.The supporters filled the temperament questionnaire.The temperament type and temperament dimension results were obtained by children＇s temperament analysis software.Results The temperament types of the 5 142 children in Chengdu were mainly Easy（ E） type and Intermediate-low（ I-E）. Among them,E-type was 2 280 and I-E type was 2 167.There was statistically significant difference in temperament in different ages（ P〈0. 05）.There was not statistically significant difference in temperament types between male and female（ P〈0. 05）. The five temperament dimensions as activity level,approach-withdrawal,adaptability,emotion essence and reaction threshold were significant difference in different genders（ P〈0. 05）.Conclusion There are differences in temperament types among children in different ages,and the individual temperament dimensions vary among children of different ages and genders.Therefore,Children＇s temperament types and temperament dimensions should be taken into formulate of individual children education schemes.
作者
黄燕
聂晶
郑小琴
冉域辰
陈洁
王红
HUANG Yan;NIE Jing;ZHENG Xiao-qin;RAN Yu-cheng;CHEN fie;WANG Hong(Sichuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Chengdu 610045,China)
出处
《实用医院临床杂志》
2018年第4期132-134,共3页
Practical Journal of Clinical Medicine
关键词
儿童
气质类型
气质维度
早期教养
Child
Temperament types
Temperament dimensions
Early childhood parenting
