摘要
托克维尔的"民主"概念首先指向一种社会状况和形式,而非政治制度,并认为现代社会本质上是一个身份平等的民主社会,它与"前现代"的贵族社会有本质的区别。这个意义上的"民主"概念又非常接近古典思想中的"整全"政体观,即它还包括人们的社会关系、思想情感和观念这类灵魂事务。因此,从贵族社会向民主社会的逐渐演进、从身份不平等到实现身份平等就是托克维尔所谓的民主的革命。这个革命同时意味着人的地位及其思想观念的根本变化,而推动这场革命的动力则包括来源于历史规律和上帝意志的直接动力,涵盖教会的作用、工商业的兴起、科技的发展与知识的传播和普及等在内的社会动力,以中央集权的君主专制为核心的政治动力,以及内含于民主社会的以正义性价值为标志的根本动力。分析这些动力间的相互关系,其中根本动力是最为重要和根本性的。
Tocqueville＇s concept of democracy firstly referred to a social condition or form,not political institution,and he thought that modern society was a democratic society in nature which was equal in identity and had essential difference from the pre-modern aristocratic society. This meaning of democracy was similar to the ＂whole＂idea of regime of classical thought,namely,it included soul affairs of social relations,emotion,and idea. Thus,the transformation from aristocratic society to democratic society,and from inequality of identity to equality,were democratic revolutions of Tocqueville. Besides,this revolution meant the fundamental changes of people＇s status and idea. In Tocqueville＇s opinion,the impetuses of promoting the revolution had four main aspects： directive impetus of historical law and the will of God; social impetus including the role of the church,the rise of industry and commerce,the development of science and technology,and dissemination and popularization of knowledge; political impetus centering on the absolute centralized monarch; and fundamental impetus as symbol of democratic justice. Among these impetuses,the fundamental impetus was most important and essential.
作者
张建喜
ZHANG Jian-xi(School of Political Science and Public Administration,Qinghai Nationalities University,Xining 810007,Qinghai,China)
出处
《华南理工大学学报（社会科学版）》
2018年第3期56-65,共10页
Journal of South China University of Technology(Social Science Edition)
关键词
托克维尔
民主
民主的革命
中央集权
正义
动力
Tocqueville
democracy
democratic revolution
centralism
justice
impetus
