摘要
为了明确生物炭基肥与调亏灌溉两者组合在花生生产中的应用潜力,通过盆栽试验,研究了生物炭基肥不同用量(0,750,1500,2250 kg·hm^(-2))和不同调亏灌溉程度(重度调亏,45%~50%田间持水量;适度调亏,55%~60%田间持水量;不亏水,70%田间持水量)及两者间的交互作用对花生根冠比和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:生物炭基肥和调亏灌溉的主效应及两者间的交互作用对根冠比的影响显著;在忽略调亏灌溉条件下,花生的根冠比随着生物炭基肥用量的增加而显著增加,在B0(0kg·hm^(-2))水平下,花生根冠比达到最大为0.0652,最小根冠比B3(2250kg·hm^(-2))较B0降低32.36%;花生产量呈现单峰曲线变化趋势,B2(1500kg·hm^(-2))处理时花生产量达到最大,较最低产B0(0kg·hm^(-2)),产量提高21.11%。生物炭基肥和调亏灌溉两者间的交互作用对水分利用效率的影响显著,B2W1(生物炭基肥,1500kg·hm^(-2);重度调亏,45%~50%田间持水量)处理花生的水分利用效率最大,较最低处理B0W1(生物炭基肥,0kg·hm^(-2);重度调亏,45%~50%田间持水量)提高28.30%。花生的根冠比与水分利用效率呈负相关,根冠比大导致地上部分生物量相对较少,进而影响作物产量的形成,最终水分利用效率降低。因此,综合考虑产量和水分利用效率,B_2W_1(生物炭基肥,1500kg·hm^(-2);重度调亏,45%~50%田间持水量)处理为最优处理,花生产量为96.28g·盆^(-1),此时的水分利用效率为2.04kg·m^(-3)。
In order to evaluate the feasibilities of combination between biochar-based fertilizer and regulated deficit irrigation（RDI） in peanut production, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different levels of biochar-based fertilizer（0,750,1500,2250 kg·hm^-2） and water deficit conditions（severe water deficit with lower limits of 45%-50% field capacity; moderate water deficit with lower limits of 55%-60% field capacity; no water deficit with lower limits of 70% field capacity） on root shoot ratio and water use efficiency of peanut. The result showed that the main effects of biochar-based fertilizer and RDI as well as their interaction had significant impacts on root shoot ratio; under ignoring the conditions of RDI, root shoot ratio of peanut increased significantly with the increase rates of biochar-based fertilizer, under the B0（0 kg·hm^-2）, the maximum ratio of peanut root to crown was 0.0652, the minimum treatment B3（2250 kg·hm^-2） was 32.26% lower than B0; whereas the changes of peanut yield showed as a single peak curve. The output of peanuts reached the maximum in the B2（1500 kg·hm^-2）, which was higher than that of the lowest production B0（0 kg·hm^-2）, and the yield increased by 21.11%.The interaction of biochar-based fertilizer and RDI showed significant impacts on WUE, with the maximum in B2 W1（biochar-based fertilizer,1 500 kg·hm^-2; severe water deficit with lower limits of 45%-50% field capacity）, which was higher than the lowest treatment B0 W1（biochar-based fertilizer, 0 kg·hm^-2; Severe water deficit with lower limits of 45%-50% field capacity） by 28.30%. The root shoot ratio of peanut was negatively correlated with water use efficiency. Larger root shoot ratio was main factor affecting yield formation and decreasing aboveground biomass and water use efficiency. Therefore, from comprehensive consideration of yield and water useefficiency of peanut, B2W1 treatment（biochar-based fertilizer,1500 kg·hm^-2; severe water deficit with lower limits of 45%-50%field capacity）exhibiting higher yield（96.28 g·pot^-1） and water use efficiency（2.04 kg·m^-3） is the optimal management strategy in peanut production.
作者
夏桂敏
李永发
王淑君
吴晓茜
王玮志
迟道才
XIA Gui-min,LI Yong-fa,WANG Shu-jun,WU Xiao-qian,WANG Wei-zhi,CHI Dao-cai(College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, Chin)
出处
《沈阳农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第3期315-321,共7页
Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University
基金
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201303125)
关键词
生物炭基肥
调亏灌溉
根冠比
产量
水分利用效率
bioehar-based fertilizer
regulated deficit litigation
root shoot ratio
yield
WUE
