摘要
通过人工授精获得大鳞鲃(Barbus capito)受精卵,并在23℃~26℃的孵化条件下,详细观察了大鳞鲃胚胎发育及未受精卵的特征.结果显示,大鳞鲃受精卵为漂流性卵(半浮性卵),卵径为(1.55±0.1)mm,吸水后卵膜膨大,卵径达到(4.3±0.2)mm.在水温23℃~26℃的条件下,胚胎发育总历时为47 h 29 min,胚胎发育过程所需总积温为1 081℃~1 222℃.大鳞鲃受精卵卵裂方式与其他鲤科鱼类一样,属于盘状卵裂.根据胚胎发育各阶段的形态特征,将其划分为胚盘隆起、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚期至尾芽期和胚动期至孵化期等6个连续发育阶段,22个时期.未受精卵入水后吸水膨胀,由原生质集中形成"胚盘",但无如两细胞卵裂的现象;未受精卵的突起或分裂球陆续脱离胚盘会形成类似受精卵囊胚末期时的"假囊胚".研究结果有助于提高大鳞鲃人工繁育效率及对孵化条件及时调控处理,有助于大鳞鲃亲鱼受精率计算方法的掌握.
The fertilized eggs of Barbus capito were obtained by artificial insemination,and the morphological characteristic of embryonic development was observed in detail under the water temperature of 23 ℃ to 26 ℃. The results showed that the fertilized eggs were floating eggs( semi floating eggs),and the average egg diameter was( 1. 55 ±0.1) mm. After absorbing water,the egg membrane was enlarged,and the diameter reached( 4.3± 0.2) mm. It took 47 h29 min from fertilization to hatching-out with the average accumulative temperature of 1 081 ℃ to 1 222 ℃·h. The cleavage of fertilized eggs of B. capito was discoidal cleavage,like other cyprinid fishes. According to the morphological characteristics in all stages of the embryonic development process,it could be divided into 6 stages,including the uplift of blastoderm stage,cleavage stage,blastula stage,gastrula stage,neurula stage to tail-bud stage and embryonic twisting stage to hatching stage,and 22 developing phases. After entering the water,the unfertilized eggs absorbed water and swelled. Then,protoplasm centralized and formed"blastoderm",but no such as the 2 cell cleavage phenomenon. When the protuberance or blastomere of the unfertilized egg were leaving in succession,the"blastoderm"would form a"false blastocyst"like the fertilized egg in the late blastula stage. The results served the important guidance for artificial breeding and calculating fertility rate of B. capito.
出处
《南京师大学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第4期109-115,共7页
Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
江苏省水产三新工程(Y2016-15)
宿迁市农业科技自主创新(SQCX2016-04)
关键词
大鳞鈀
胚胎发育
未受精卵
Barbus capito
embryonic development
unfertilized egg
