摘要
在零售商回收模式下,研究了再制造闭环供应链中制造商激励合同设计策略,按照回收努力程度和回收投入两种标准设计激励合同,并与无激励合同情况下制造商和零售商的利润、定价与回收策略进行了比较。发现回收激励合同能够有效提高零售商对废旧产品的回收比例,并降低产品的零售价格;回收激励合同对产品批发价格的影响取决于回收节约成本的大小;回收激励合同的建立直接提高了制造商的利润水平,在某些条件下也可以提高零售商和整个供应链的最优利润;按照回收努力程度设计回收激励合同的制造商利润最高。
Reverse logistics has been accepted and widely used by more and more companies. Recycling of waste products as a key link in the reverse logistics was concerned the most attention of managers. Recycling of waste products can not only relieve stress of environment and resources, but also be able to reduce the manufacturing cost of the product bring additional profits to the entire supply chain. It is because of the important role in the reverse logistics of recycling, manufacturers have to choose the most suitable way of recycling. For example, General Motors, IBM, Kodak, Xerox, Canon and many other well-known companies have introduced their own reverse recovery system. Currently in production practices, recovery mode in remanufacturing system can be summarized as the following three： directly recycled by the manufacturer, recycled by the retailer and recycled by a third-party organization. Among the above three recycling modes, borne by the retailer of recycling products is the most beneficial for manufacturers. For manufacturer, while maximizing their profits, they must find an effective way to encourage retailers to complete recovery work efficiently. Based on this, the paper cited two different forms of incentive contracts designed accordance with two different forms： recovery effort and recovery input. This paper compares and analyzes the different of prices, retailers return rate, and profits of supply chain members with different recovery mode, and provide an appropriate design of incentive contract. First, this paper adopts the game theory to develop three models of closed-loop supply chain. Second, the optimal retail prices, wholesale prices, return rates and profits of these models are derived. Third, these three models are compared with each other. Fourth, the effect of system parameters on the performance of members is researched with numerical simulation and some new findings are revealed. The results show that：（1） Recycling incentive contract can effectively improve the proportion of recycled waste products by retailers. It also helps to reduce the retail price of the product.（2） The effect of the wholesale price by recycling incentive contract depends on the size of cost saving through remanufacturing. The more cost saving brought by remanufacturing, the lower wholesale price it will be.（3） The establishment of recycling incentive contract helps improve the optimal profits of manufacturer. It shows that in both models of recycling incentive contract, profits of manufacturer are higher than the value of situation without incentive contract.（4） The establishment of recycling incentive contract will not necessarily increase the profit of retailer. The profit depends on the cost of recovery and the ratio of recovery cost and earnings.（5） Compared with the two recycling incentive contracts, manufacturer will get more profit when designs the incentive contract with recovery effort.
出处
《管理工程学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第4期116-122,共7页
Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(71101120
71440016)
四川省软科学研究计划资助项目(2015ZR0217)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2682014CX114)
关键词
逆向物流
再制造
回收模式
回收激励合同
Reverse logistics
Remanufacturing
Take-back mode
Recycling incentive contract
