摘要
在珍稀濒危动物增殖放流到野外自然环境过程中,人工养殖种群放流前能否进行合适而有效的野化训练是其在自然环境中野外存活的关键,同时也是一项增殖放流能否产生预期效果的亟待开展实践的重要工作。本研究以国家Ⅱ级保护野生动物大鲵为例,对养殖中国大鲵在增殖放流前野化训练的技术框架进行了理论探讨,主要包括两方面:(1)食性和食物类型的野化实际上是一个反向驯化转变过程;(2)环境因子(包括流水、温度和光周期等)的野化选择上,参照大鲵的野外栖息地环境进行仿生态,构建清澈溪流石隙间的流水湿地环境,以及野外自然环境的温度调节和光周期。野化训练中存在的主要问题体现在3项指标:(1)可反映自然繁殖成功与否的核心因素:精子卵子质量;(2)反映环境承载力和养殖密度适宜性的受伤比例;(3)反映野外持续生存能力的病死率。在此基础上,提出了将养殖大鲵野化训练的个体筛选标准需与其增殖放流的模式和效果追踪联系起来,并通过大鲵冬眠与否的野化训练的血液生化指标的分析,探讨养殖大鲵野化训练后尽快适应野外自然环境的建议与对策。通过归纳总结养殖大鲵野化训练研究的技术框架,指明了其未来研究发展方向,以便进一步通过长期的案例研究进行验证和优化。
In the process of releasing domesticated endangered animals into the wild natural environment, the key stage for artificial cultured population to survive is whether conduct the suitable and effective acclimation before stock enhancement or not. This is also the important work to check whether stock enhancement have This study took the Chinese giant expecting effect, which needs to carry out into practice promptly. salamander （Andrias davidianus） listed in the second class of wild animals protected by the state as an example, the theoretical research framework of acclimation be- fore stock enhancement was studied preliminarily. The acclimation training mainly included two as- pects,types of diets and foods acclimation was actually a reverse domestication process; and the se- lection of environmental factors （e.g. running water, temperature and photoperiod, etc. ） in acclima- tion, with reference to the natural habitats of giant salamander, the running water wetland environ- ment with clear streams and stone caves, natural environmental temperature and photoperiod was chosen and built. Three observation indicators were chosen to reflect acclimation training effect of di- ets and multiple environmental factors. First, the quality of sperms and/or eggs, which was the key factor accounting for the natural reproductive success, second, the injury rate, which could bear re- sponsibility for the environmental capacity and breeding density suitability. And the third, the fatality rate, which could be obligated to the continued ability to survive in the wild. On this basis, with integrated evaluation of acclimation training of cultured giant salamander, individual filtering criteria of acclimation training was studied, which needs to associate with the mode and effectiveness tracking, so as to reveal the positive effect of acclimation training. In addition, the blood biochemical indexes with or without hibernation were analyzed to explore the significance of hiberna- ting physiological processes, which helped to acclimate the giant salamander to adapt to the wild en- vironment as soon as possible. Finally, the long-term case studies were introduced to validate and optimize this theoretical framework, which concluded the future development direction of acclimation training research.
出处
《经济动物学报》
CAS
2017年第3期155-163,共9页
Journal of Economic Animal
基金
上海市科技兴农种业发展项目[沪农科种字(2015)第18号]
国家自然科学基金(31400410)
深圳市科技计划项目(深科技创新[2013]77号)
关键词
中国大鲵
野化训练
增殖放流
养殖种群
野生种群
Andrias davidianus
acclimation
stock enhancement
cultured population
wild population
