摘要
20世纪90年代以来,为扭转传统国际化模式过于重视人员跨境流动而造成的高等教育资源分配不公平的弊端,以瑞典为代表的部分欧洲国家发起并推进了高等教育"在地国际化运动"。作为传统国际化模式的替代方案,在地国际化以其"立足本土本校"、"面向全体学生"、"有效提升全体学生国际化和跨文化素养"等特征迅速在高等教育国际化领域引发热潮,许多国家都旗帜鲜明地将在地国际化作为本国高等教育国际化的有效推进模式。长期以来,我国高校盛行的以跨境教育为特征的教育国际化战略在教育公平与教育效果等领域面临着困境。实施在地国际化战略不但可以有效促进我国高等教育资源的公平分配,也能帮助高校取得较好的社会、经济和文化效益。另外,我国已经在高校的人员交流、课程设置、管理机制和技术应用等方面为这一战略的实施奠定了一系列坚实基础。为了保障在地国际化战略在未来的顺利实施,我们应在高等教育国际化的推进理念上实现从"西化"到"化西"的转变、在制度设计上完成从"管理为先"到"服务为本"的转化、在教育环境上实施从"资本先行"到"文化立足"的改革。高等教育在地国际化战略在我国的推进过程中会面临着挑战,这要求我们一方面要对各种困难保持警惕,另一方面要保持改革决心,稳步而坚定地实施这一重要战略。
In the late 1990s,Swedish scholar Nelson first proposed the idea of'internationalization at home'in academia,which he interpreted as'all activities related to international affairs outside the student's overseas mobility in the field of education',Whose goal is to'improve the ability and qualifications of all students by meeting the needs of international ideas and cross-border cultures in the course of their studies to cope with the changing needs of a globalized world.'The concept of'internationalization at home'is quickly embraced by the academic community;many scholars have made contributions to deepening and expanding this concept.Drawing on the achievements of previous research,we propose that the meaning of internationalization at home is colleges and universities use of its own international quality education resources to provide cross-cultural and international affairs and the impact for all students in the school,with its purpose completing the goal of cultivating high-level internationalized talents. The reason for the rise of'internationalization at home'is that the traditional internationalization model pays much attention to the transnational flow of personnel which has caused the unfair sharing of higher education resources.The idea of of internationalization at home endeavors to build an international curriculum as the center of the school learning environment to enhance the internationalization level and ability of all students.With the above characteristics,internationalization at home has become a new trend in the world's higher education;many countries and international organizations are vigorously promoting this new education internationalization strategy.Consistent with the development of the international community,China's long-standing traditional internationalization model which was characterized by cross-border movement of people is increasingly causing dissatisfaction.This dissatisfaction is mainly concentrated on the uneven distribution of educational resources and the quality of education is difficult to measure among other things.China's implementation of the internationalization at home strategy can effectively promote the rational allocation of scarce resources in higher education,effectively ensure each student for fair international exchange and cross-cultural learning opportunities,but also can help colleges and universities to obtain good economic,social and cultural benefits.It is worth noting that,after years of rapid development,many Chinese universities have the experience and foundation in terms of personnel exchange,curriculum development and technical communication,which can support the advancement of the internationalization at home. If the Chinese university wants to successfully implement the internationalization at home strategy in the future,they need to carry out the following reforms:first of all,we need to achieve the change in the concept of internationalization of higher education which evolves from the traditional'Westernization'to'Integration of the West',from the mere learning of Western's experience to'learning based on the local with the Western learning as the supplement';Second,in the internationalization of higher education management mechanism level,from the'management first'to'service-oriented';the government and universities should be provide quality services and security for the internationalization at home strategy;Third,we should cultivate a suitable international education environment,from the past mainly relying on capital investment to enhance the internationalization level of the school to create an international learning environment as the center of the campus culture;we should use the campus environment and cultural atmosphere to help the training of internationalized talents. China should not only see the advantages of internationalization at home strategy,but also pay attention to the limitations and challenges of this strategy.As a new thing,the internationalization at home will indeed have a profound impact on the development of higher education in China;this influence exists both at the concept level and in the practice level soon.
出处
《大学教育科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第3期10-17,共8页
University Education Science
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目"‘一带一路’战略中扩大教育开放研究"(VGA150001)
关键词
在地国际化
跨境流动
高等教育
教育国际化
Internationalization at home
higher education
transnationd flow
internationalization
