摘要
本文从理论和经验两个方面系统探讨了"分"之利及其实现机制。研究发现:当产品差异化厂商具有线性需求函数和线性成本函数时,无论其进行产量竞争还是价格竞争,市场分割都能基于较高的产业同构程度对区域经济增长产生显著的促进作用;但是,在产量竞争的情况下,分割不利于总体经济增长,而在价格竞争的情况下,分割能在有限的区间内促进总体经济增长。为了从经验上对此进行辨识,本文将"生产法"和"价格法"有机结合以区分不同条件下的市场分割,并通过面板变系数模型对数据进行处理。结果发现每个省份至少拥有一个产业替代程度较高的竞争对手,而由此造成的市场分割也相对稳定并且可能与腐败密切相关,同时市场分割对区域经济增长的促进作用将以产业同构为媒介并在一定程度上受制于开放程度和经济周期。因此,降低区域间产业同构是消除分割,实现市场一体化的唯一有效途径。
Summary： ＂ Smith-Young theorem＂ posits that expanding market size will accelerate economic growth by virtue of division, which means the emergence of market segmentation will harm economic growth by restricting markets and division. However, the rapid growth of China following its reformation is realized in a heavily segmented market, which seems to contradict ＂ Smith-Young theorem＂. Thus, the real question is why segmentation continues in such a rapidly developing national body. We raise a bold hypothesis： regardless of whether market segmentation or market expansion is involved, its effect on economic growth is not absolute. When certain conditions are satisfied, segmentation can also accelerate economic growth. It is a pity we know so little about these conditions. This paper should move the field forward from both the theoretical and empirical perspectives. Theoretically, the expansion of market size connects different regional markets and accelerates overall growth. However, market segmentation divides the entire market into separate regional markets. Thus, if segmentation accelerates growth, such growth should take place within the regions. Decentralization also provides local governments with a strong incentive to pursue regional growth. Accordingly, in analyzing segmentation＇s effect on growth, we should distinguish between regional and overall growth. Traditional growth models that simply combine the segments of regional growth into overall growth cannot be used because these two growth patterns probably contradict each other. Focusing on the critical role local government plays in industrial development and market segmentation, we introduce heterogeneous producers into an oligopolistic model. We find that under competitive conditions among producers with linear demands and cost functions, market segmentation accelerates regional economic growth through both production competition and price competition. However, with production competition, market segmentation harms the entire economy, whereas with price competition, it benefits the entire economy within limitations. Further analysis shows that the greater the industrial similarity, the less significant the harmful effects of segmentation on overall growth. As the theoretical model suggests, the effect of segmentation on regional growth varies under different conditions. Therefore, a new method should be introduced to distinguish segmentation under these disparate conditions. To realize this goal, we combine ＂ production method＂ and ＂price method＂ to calculate a more scientific sample in which the panel data are processed by virtue of varying coefficient models. We find that every province has at least one strong stable competitor in industrial substitution, which leads to stable market segmentation and may be highly correlated with corruption. Furthermore, segmentation accelerates regional economic growth through industrial similarity, which is constrained to some extent by open policy and business cycles. Thus, reducing industrial similarity is the only path to eliminating segmentation and realizing market integration. In one word, if specialization and integration are supplementary to each other, industrial similarity and market segmentation will coexist. Furthermore, they both point to a common goal： growth. This seems to prove one old Chinese proverb： the empire long divided must unite; long united, it must divide. Therefore, future analysis should combine research on integration and segmentation to achieve a deeper understanding of the economic reasons behind a nation＇s unification and disruption and to contribute to the final realization of human beings＇ ＂great harmony＂.
出处
《经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第3期47-60,共14页
Economic Research Journal
基金
教育部人文社会科学青年基金(14YJC790031)
山东省自然科学青年基金(ZR2014GQ002)
山东大学基本科研业务费(人文社会科学类专项)的资助
关键词
市场分割
经济增长
产业同构
Market Segmentation
Economic Growth
Industrial Similarity
