摘要
2014年1-12月,采用路线调查和定点观察相结合的方法,对淮北市采煤塌陷区（南湖湿地和东湖湿地）鸟类多样性进行调查,共记录鸟类13目36科123种,其中,有国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类1种（白头鹤Grus monacha）,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类4种（白额雁Anser albifrons、小天鹅Cygnus columbianus、灰鹤Grus Grus和小鸦鹃Centropus bengalensis）,安徽省地方重点保护鸟类29种。季节型中,有留鸟31种（占25.2%）,夏候鸟24种（占19.5%）,冬候鸟37种（占30.1%）,旅鸟31种（占25.2%）。区系组成包括古北界种69种（占56.1%）、东洋界种10种（占8.1%）和两界广布种44种（占35.8%）。该区鸟类优势种有6种,广性分布种16种。对鸟类数量和多样性的分析结果表明,冬季鸟类数量最多;春季和秋季鸟类种类较多,鸟类多样性指数和均匀度指数也较高。在5类生境中,树林灌丛中的物种数和个体数最多,多样性指数和均匀度指数也高于其它生境;芦苇（Phragmites australis）荡生境鸟类数量最少;大面积水域内鸟类的物种数、多样性指数和均匀度指数都较低。土地复垦和盲目开发导致鸟类栖息地被破坏和丧失,影响鸟类多样性。因此,应该加强本地区湿地保护的力度,实施水生植物恢复工程,维持塌陷区湿地丰富的鸟类多样性。
The bird diversity in excavating coal subsidence region（Nanhu wetlands and Donghu wetlands） of Huaibei city was surveyed by line transects and fixed-spot observation methods from January to December,2014. The 123 species of birds, belonging to 13 orders, 36 families were recorded, of those 1 was national first-grade protected in China（Grus monacha）, 4 were second-grade ones（Anser albifrons, Cygnus columbianus,Grus Grus and Centropus bengalensis）, and 29 in Anhui provincial protection list. The 31 species（25.2%） of these were residents, 24 species（19.5%） were summer birds, 37 species（30.1%） were winter birds and 31（25.2%） were passengers. Among these birds, 69 species（56.1%） belongs to Palearctic realm, 10 species（8.1%） are Oriental and 44 species（35.8%） are widespread ones. Only 6 birds were dominant and 16 birds widely distributed in the areas. The results showed that the number of birds was the maximum in winter, the species of birds was most and the diversity indexes were relatively high in spring and autumn. Among 5 habitats, the bosket habitat held the highest proportion of birds and owned the high diversity index, the number of birds was the minimum at reed habitat, the species of birds and diversity index was relatively lower at large area of water habitats. The habitat degradation resulted from land restoration and indiscriminately exploitation and then had great impacts on bird diversity. So some vigorous efforts should be made to strengthen the wetland protection and restore the wetland habitats so as to maintain the rich bird diversity in excavating coal subsidence region of Huaibei city.
作者
王松
简兴
张财文
周雪
WANG Song JIAN Xing ZHANG Caiwen ZHOU Xue(College of Life Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, Anhui, P.R.China)
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第6期755-762,共8页
Wetland Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31250002)
安徽省高校省级自然科学研究重点项目(KJ2010A080)资助
关键词
鸟类多样性
季节变化
生态分布
采煤塌陷区
淮北
bird diversity
seasonal shift
ecological distribution
excavating coal subsidence region
Huaibei
