摘要
理论上,产业集聚的环境正外部性应该远大于其负外部性。但从现实看,产业集聚似乎伴随着河流污染、雾霾等诸多环境问题。面对理论与现实的"落差"不禁要问:产业集聚对于环境治理到底是助力还是阻力?对此,现有文献不仅未能达成一致结论,且研究视角大多停留在城市、产业等宏观层面,鲜有上述关系的微观机制研究。开发区作为中国最典型的产业集聚区,为厘清上述问题提供了良好的研究视角。本文通过匹配河流水质观测点与开发区的地理信息,利用准自然实验研究了产业集聚对周边水环境的影响。研究表明,设立开发区后周边河流水质出现了明显恶化,生化需氧量和氨氮污染物指标显著上升。进一步结合工业企业数据库,本文发现排放污染物的企业在设立开发区后出现了明显的规模扩张,而新进入的企业是导致上述扩张的重要原因。本文结果表明,短期内产业集聚的确可能成为环境治理的"阻力",且上述环境污染现象更多表现为污染企业在空间上的"集中排放"。因此,严控集聚区内污染企业新增产能,特别是严格把关集聚区内新企业的环保准入,是解决上述污染问题的有效途径。本文以一个全新的研究视角解释了中国产业集聚区周边环境恶化的原因,同时为实现集聚发展与生态环境"双赢"提供了清晰的政策参考。
Theoretically, the environment of industrial agglomeration should be far greater than its negative externalities. But from a realistic point of view, industrial agglomeration seems to be accompanied by river pollution, haze and other environmental issues. Faced with the gap of theory and reality, we can＇t help but ask that industrial agglomeration for environmental governance is the power or resistance. The existing literature not only failed to reach a consensus, but most of the research perspective stay in the city, industry and other macro level, there is little research on the micro mechanism of the above relationship. As China＇s most typical industrial agglomeration areas, the development zone provides a good perspective to clarify the above issues. In this paper, the influence of industrial agglomeration on water environment is studied by using a quasi-natural experiment, which is based on the accurate geographic information of the river water quality observation point and the development zone. We found that, after the establishment of the development zone, river water has deteriorated significantly, and significantly increased BOD, ammonia and other pollutants index. Further research using industrial enterprieses database shows that after the establishment of the development zone, the enterprise becomes scale expansion, and the new one is the main reason for it. The results of this paper show that the industrial agglomeration can indeed become the resistance of environmental governance, and the environmental pollution is more and more embodied in the centralized emission of pollution enterprises in space. And strict control of new capacity in the heavy pollution industry, especially strict access conditions for new enterprises, is the effective way to solve the problem of environmental pollution. In this paper, we create a new perspective to explain the industrial agglomeration caused by the deterioration of the environment, and provide a clear policy reference to achieve win-win development of agglomeration and ecological environment.
作者
王兵
聂欣
WANG Bing NIE Xin(School of Economics of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China)
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第12期75-89,共15页
China Industrial Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目"中国城市水务行业市场化改革和效率评价及提升路径研究"(批准号714731052)
教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划"环境管制
全要素生产率与经济增长"(批准号NCET-110856)
关键词
产业集聚
水污染
开发区
双重差分法
industrial agglomeration
water pollution
development zone
DID research design
