摘要
玛曲作为青藏高原地区典型的生态脆弱区和敏感区,对不同自然因素和人文因素的影响非常敏感,为解决草地面临的退化问题,实现玛曲草地资源的可持续利用,本研究利用2004-2013年的MODIS-EVI数据和相关的社会统计数据反演了玛曲草地退化的时空格局,发现10年间玛曲草地退化主要从西北部高海拔地区逐渐转向东南部低海拔地区,在此基础上利用定量和定性的方法分析了不同人文因素对草地退化空间差异的影响。结果发现,1）人类活动对草地退化的影响比较大,距离牧民居住点1～3km内植被的年际变化率比较高,而且自从2008年玛曲实施了＂牧民定居工程＂后,居住点附近的草地退化更加严重了;2）草地资源利用强度是草地退化的直接诱发原因,不同地区的草原超载水平和牲畜密度与草地植被的年际变化率呈明显的负相关;3）从博弈理论的视角分析了当前流行的联户经营模式下单个牧户的超载动机,发现通过实施一定的生态补偿政策和加强监管力度可以转变牧户自身的博弈策略,最终达到一种以＂不增加放牧量＂为最优策略的新型＂纳什均衡＂;4）通过实地调研发现,近年来牧民生产生活方式的转变、牧民安居工程的实施、道路等基础设施建设、围栏以及鼠患等都对玛曲草地植被产生了一定的破坏。
Maqu is a typical ecologically fragile area in the Tibetan Plateau,and is very sensitive to the impacts of various natural and human factors.To elucidate the reasons for grassland degradation and achieve sustainable utilization of grassland resources in Maqu,it is important to analyse the influences of various human factors on grassland degradation,and the underlying mechanisms.We used MODIS-EVI data and related social statistics from 2004 to 2013to detect the temporal patterns of grassland degradation in Maqu.The distribution of grassland degradation gradually moved from the northwest at high altitudes to the southeast at low altitudes in Maqu.We used quantitative and qualitative methods to analyse the impact of human factors on various spatial differences in grassland degradation.We found that：1）The impact of human activities on grassland degradation was relatively large,and the inter-annual rate of change in grassland vegetation where the distance to settlements of herders was 1-3km was relatively high,and degradation was particularly serious near settlements after implementation of the＂pastoral settlement project＂in Maqu in 2008;2）The intensity of use of grassland resources was the primary reason for degradation;overgrazing and high livestock density in various areas was significantly negatively correlated with the inter-annual rate of change in grassland vegetation;3）From the perspective of game theory,we analysed herders＇ motivation for overgrazing under the current popular operational mode of the joint household,and found that implementing certain policies of eco-compensation and strengthening supervision could change their game strategy,and ultimately achieve a＂do not increase grazing capacity＂as the optimal strategy of the new ＂Nash equilibrium＂;4）Through field surveys,we found that herder production style and life style changed in recent years;implementation of housing projects for herders,construction of roads and other infrastructures,fencing,and rodent infestation,among other factors,seriously damaged grassland vegetation in Maqu.
出处
《草业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第12期2576-2586,共11页
Pratacultural Science
基金
甘肃省沙化土地封禁保护补助试点区经济效益监测与评估项目(406/071200006)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目"青藏高原社区天然草场草地保护与合理利用技术研究与示范"(20120300610)
中央高校基本科研业务专项资金(15LZUJBEYJ015)
关键词
遥感技术
草地退化
相关性分析
空间转移
玛曲
remote sensing techniques
vegetation degradation
quantitative and qualitative methods
spatial transfer
Maqu
