摘要
中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所用‘八月红’梨作母本、‘酥梨’作父本进行人工杂交培育出红皮梨新品种‘红宝石’。果实纺锤形,单果质量280 g,纵径9.8 cm,横径7.8 cm;果皮光滑、几近全红色,果肉乳白色,肉质细脆、稍硬,汁液中等,石细胞少,可溶性固形物含量14.6%,可滴定酸含量0.29%,维生素含量72.4 mg·kg-1,果实硬度(去皮)9.2 kg·cm-2,风味酸甜爽口,品质中上;果实发育期约145 d,郑州地区8月下旬成熟;较耐贮藏,常温下可贮藏20 d左右,贮后果实风味更佳。该品种为白梨、砂梨和西洋梨的杂交种,适应性、抗褐斑病、抗黑星病能力强,适合在华北北部、西北地区及东北三省发展。
‘Hongbaoshi＇is a new red skin pear cultivar, which is derived from a cross between‘Bayue-hong＇and‘Dangshansu＇. The cultivar was bred by Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Acade-my of Agricultural Sciences（CAAS） in 2000. The seedling was planted in hybrid nursery of ZhengzhouFruit Research Institute, CAAS in December 2001. The seedling‘00-1-36＇began to bear fruit in 2004,and was finally selected as a superior individual in 2006. After top grafting and tested for three years, itwas introduced to Xinxiang city, Puyang city and Ningling county in Shangqiu city in spring of 2010 for re-gional cultivar comparison trials. It was finally registered as a new cultivar（Register No.： S-SV-PP-008-2015） by Tree Cultivar Registration Committee of Henan province in 2015 because of its high quality,bright red skin and high yield. The tree growth potential of this cultivar is medium with upright trunk andopen tree gesture. The germination rate is strong and the branching ability is a little weak. Tree crownshape of this cultivar is spindle. Annual shoots are reddish brown, perennial branchs are taupe. Branch ta-peringness is big, mean internode length is 4.3 cm, lenticels are oblong and hoary. Leaf color is bottlegreen. Leaves are long ovate with serrate margin, sharp-acuate apex, and wedge-shaped base. There are5-7 flowers with ovate petals per inflorescence, 4-5 pistils and 19-22 stamens per flower. The fruit isspindle. Fruitcore is small and has 5 loculis and 6-10 seeds in it. The average fruit weight, fruit lengthand diameter is 280 g, 9.8 cm and 7.8 cm. The fruit stalk is long, which average length is 6 cm. The fruitskin is smooth and nearly all red with small, rare fruit dots. Sepals are persistent, and the eye basin is shal-low and narrow. The fruit flesh is creamy white, fine, crisp and slightly hard. It is juicy, sour-sweet andhigh eating quality with little stone cell. The content of soluble solid, titratable acid and vitamin C is14.6%, 0.29% and 72.4 mg·kg- 1fresh flesh. The sarcocarp hardness is 9.2 kg·cm- 2. The fruit develop-ment period is about 145 days, and can be harvested in late August in Zhengzhou. It can be stored for 20 days in normal temperature. And the flavor will be better after cold storage. This cultivar can bear fruits inthe third year after planted and has high yield at the fifth year, the average yield exceeded 20 kg per plant.The cultivar is suitable for slender cylindrical tree shape or slender spindly tree shape and trees should beplanted in rows of 1 m×3.5-4 m in sandy-mound land or hilly land with barren soil, or planted in rows of1.5 m×3.5-4 m in the fertile soil. This cultivar is a hybrid with genetic relationship of Pyrus pyrifolia（white pear group）, Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai and Pyrus communis L.. It has better adaptability and resistant tobrowning spot and pear scab. It is a good cultivar and suitable for planting inside the north and northwestof China and three northeast provinces of China.
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第12期1588-1591,共4页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-29-01)
国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD02B01)
