摘要
土地复垦是露天煤矿生态系统恢复和重建的重要措施,不同土地复垦模式下草本植被群落特征不同。采用样方法对安太堡露天煤矿不同复垦模式下永久性固定样地进行草本植被调查,在群落组成和多样性分析的基础上运用生态位宽度和生态位重叠分析了不同复垦模式样地[WⅠ(白杆+青杆+沙棘)、SⅠ(刺槐+油松)、SⅢ(刺槐+榆树+臭椿)]草本优势种生态位特征。结果表明:研究区草本植物以菊科(Asteraceae)、禾本科(Poaceae)和豆科(Leguminosae)为主,从群落多样性角度来看,WⅠ样地物种组成最丰富。从群落演替角度来看,研究区草本植物呈现出一年生向多年生、旱生向中旱生演替的趋势。鹅观草(Roegneria kamoji)、大籽蒿(Artemisia sieversiana)、剪股颖(Agrostis matsumurae)是研究区最重要的优势种。优势种生态位宽度与重要值呈显著正相关,但各优势种在3个样地的生态位宽度和重要值差异显著。这可能与复垦模式、立地条件及种的生理、生态学特性有关。此外,研究区生态位宽度大的种间生态位重叠值较大,生态位宽度较小的种间生态位重叠值较小。
Reclamation is a key measure to restore the damaged ecosystems in opencast coal mines, and the herbaceous communities differ among reclamation patterns in reclaimed areas. Three permanent plots with different reclamation patterns, W Ⅰ （Picea meyeri ＋ Picea wilsonii ＋ Hippophae rhamnoides ） , S Ⅰ （Robinia pseudoacacia ＋ Pinus tabuliformis ） and SⅢ （R. pseudo- acacia ＋ Ulmus pumila ＋ Ailanthus altissima ） , were established to investigate niche breadth and niche overlap of dominant herb species, based on the analysis of herbaceous community composi- tion and diversity in Antaibao Opencast Coal Mine. The results showed that Asteraceae, Poaceae and Leguminosae were the dominant herb families, and W Ⅰ had the highest species diversity. As for community succession, the herbs tended to develop from annual to perennial and xerophyte to semi-xerophyte. Roegneria kamoji, Artemisia sieversiana, and Agrostis matsumurae had the widest niche breadth, being the most important dominant species. Niche breadth was positively related to importance value （IV） ; however, niche breadth and IV differed among the three plots, due to differences in reclamation patterns, site conditions and physiological properties of herb species. In addition, niche overlap value was larger between species with wider niche breadth values. On the contrary, species with narrower niche breadth values had smaller niche overlap value.
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第12期3215-3222,共8页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国土资源部公益性行业科研专项项目(201411017)资助
关键词
露天煤矿
复垦
草本
生态位
opencast coal mine
reclamation
herb
niche
